正确答案: A

引导小虎仔细思考

题目：每次老师提问，小虎总爱抢着回答，但基本上都答错，从此老师应该( )。

解析：以人为本的学生观强调，学生是独特的人，学生是发展的人。因此，教师在评价学生的时候，首先要以发展的眼光来看待学生，引导学生改正错误，鼓励为主，其次要根据学生之间的个体差异，给予不同学生不同的鼓励，让爱抢答的小虎多思考，故选择A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]包括奴隶社会、封建社会在内的古代教育的显著特点是( )。

教育与生产劳动相分离

解析：古代教育的典型特征是教育与生产劳动相分离。故选择B。

[多选题]古希腊把"三艺"作为教育内容，这"三艺"是指( )。

文法

修辞

辩证法

解析：古希腊将"三艺"作为教育内容，分别为文法、修辞、辩证法。四书是我国古代教育的基本教程和科举考试的依据，包括《论语》《孟子》《大学》《中庸》。

[单选题]影响个体身心发展的诸因素中起主导作用的是( )。

学校教育

解析：影响个体身心发展的因素包括遗传、环境、个体的主观能动性、学校教育。其中学校教育在人的发展中起主导作用。故选择C。A选项，遗传素质是人的身心发展的前提，为个体的身心发展提供了可能性。B选项，环境泛指个体生活中影响个体身心发展的一切外部因素，包括自然环境和社会环境。D选项，个体主观能动性是指人的主观意识对客观世界的反映和能动作用。

[单选题]当物体移到100米远处，视网膜上的像相应缩小到距我们l米远时大小的1／10，但是我们知道该物体的大小没有太大变化，这种现象称为( )。

大小恒常

解析：恒常性是指客观事物本身不变，但知觉的条件在一定范围内发生变化时，人的知觉的映像仍然保持相对不变的特性。包括大小恒常、形状恒常、颜色恒常等。题干表现的是典型的大小恒常。

[多选题]学校心理辅导及其目标是什么？（10分）

[单选题]一个人的对人、对己、对事、对物的态度是( )。

通过学习而形成的

解析：态度不是天生的，是通过学习形成的。

[单选题]课外、校外教育是教育学生的重要途径，其主要特点是( )。

自愿性、灵活性、实践性

解析：课外、校外活动具有自愿性、灵活性、实践性。(1)自愿性。在课外、校外教育中，学生可以根据自己的兴趣爱好和现有知识水平选择参加不同的活动。(2)灵活性。课外、校外教育活动的具体内容是根据课外、校外活动的目的，从现有设备条件、辅导教师的特点、能力以及学生的不同需要出发确定的。活动的组织形式也是多种多样的，它包括小组活动、群众性的调查参观、竞赛讲演、个人活动等。(3)实践性。课外、校外教育活动注重学生的实践环节。在活动中，学生的知识和技能主要通过自己设汁、动手获得。那些经由辅导教师获得的知以和技能，学生可运用到实践当中来验证它的科学性，这样也就培养了学生的实践能力。

[单选题] There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physieally and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable "to work hard and play hard" and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon:"The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America's competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down (折磨) sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache."

Why have some people begun to place less emphasis on work and more on non-work activities?

Because they realize that excessive work demands can be harmful to their health.

解析：1.细节题。根据短文第一段前两句“There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of“climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part，as a result of the work ethic，these people are internally ‘driven’ to work.”可看出有些人深受“climbing the ladder”观念影响，目的是提高社会地位、经济地位和自我价值，所以他们受职业道德驱使而工作。故选项B正确。 2.细节题。作者在第二段指出对于workaholics，人们有两种不同的观点。一种观点认为workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally;另一种观点则认为workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive.故选项D正确。 3.细节题。根据短文第三段第一句“…there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful.”可知人们开始意识到过度的工作会对健康造成危害。故选项C正确。 4.细节题。短文第四段开头指出“…the idea that work and play are distinct activities.”即人们认为工作和娱乐是两个独立分开的活动。故选项A正确。 5.细节题。短文最后一段指出“People are ambivalent toward work; it is，at the same time，glorified and belittled.”即工作同时受到赞扬和贬低。接着就列举了Nixon的观点和Anacin这种药的广告词来阐释对工作的这两种看法。故选项C正确。

[单选题] There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physieally and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable "to work hard and play hard" and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon:"The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America's competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down (折磨) sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache."

The difference between Nixon's view of work and the view expressed on the TV commercial for Anacin is that ________.

the former is a glorification of work; the latter is not

解析：1.细节题。根据短文第一段前两句“There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of“climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part，as a result of the work ethic，these people are internally ‘driven’ to work.”可看出有些人深受“climbing the ladder”观念影响，目的是提高社会地位、经济地位和自我价值，所以他们受职业道德驱使而工作。故选项B正确。 2.细节题。作者在第二段指出对于workaholics，人们有两种不同的观点。一种观点认为workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally;另一种观点则认为workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive.故选项D正确。 3.细节题。根据短文第三段第一句“…there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful.”可知人们开始意识到过度的工作会对健康造成危害。故选项C正确。 4.细节题。短文第四段开头指出“…the idea that work and play are distinct activities.”即人们认为工作和娱乐是两个独立分开的活动。故选项A正确。 5.细节题。短文最后一段指出“People are ambivalent toward work; it is，at the same time，glorified and belittled.”即工作同时受到赞扬和贬低。接着就列举了Nixon的观点和Anacin这种药的广告词来阐释对工作的这两种看法。故选项C正确。