正确答案: A

The History ofVegetarianism

题目：22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras is best known today for his mathematical theorem,which haunts the dreams of many geometry students,but for centuries he was also celebrated as thefather of vegetarianism.A meatless diet was referred to as a“Pythagorean diet”for years,up untilthe modern vegetarian movement began in the mid-1800s. 　　While Pythagoras was an early proponent of a meatless diet,humans have been vegetarianssince well before recorded history.Most anthropologists agree that early humans would have eaten apredominantly plant-based diet;after all,plants can't run away.Additionally,our digestive systemsresemble those of herbivores closer than camivorous animals.Prehistoric man ate meat,of course,but plants formed the basis of his diet. 　　Pythagoras and his many followers practiced vegetarianism for several reasons,mainly dueto religious and ethical objections.Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls.Animals wereno exception,so meat and fish were banished from his table.Strangely enough,he also banished avegetable that has a place of honor on most vegetarian menus today,the“humble”bean.His followerswere forbidden to eat or even touch beans,because he thought beans and humans were created fromthe same material.Fava beans were especially bad,as they have hollow steams that could allow thesouls ofthe dead to travel up from the soil into the growing beans. 　　While the edict against beans was lifted not long after Pythagoras' death,his followers continued to eat a meatless diet.His principles infiuenced generations of academics and religiousthinkers,and it was a group of these like-minded individuals who founded the Vegetarian Societyin English in the mid-1800s.The virtues of temperance,abstinence and self-control were all tied tovegetarian ideals,while lust,drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too richin meat products.Notable early vegetarians included Leo Tolstoy,George Bernard Shaw,MahatmaGandhi and American Bronson Alcott,a Transcendentalist teacher,reformer and the father oflittleWomen author Louisa May Alcott. 　　It wasn't until the 1960s that vegetarianism moved into mainstream American life and themovement's growth picked up speed in the 1970s when a young graduate student named FrancisMoore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet.In it,she advocated a meatless diet not for ethical or moral reasons,but because plant-based foods have much less impact on the environmentthan meat does.Today,many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues,or concernsover animal treatment,a principle first espoused in Peter Singer's 1975 work Animal Liberation.

解析：主旨题。文章从素食主义之父说起，又按照时间的顺序介绍了不同时期的素食主义者及不吃肉的原因，故A项“素食主义发展史”为文章的题目。

查看原题 查看所有试题

学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]下列太阳系行星中，已证实拥有卫星最多的是( )。

木星

解析：木星拥有63颗卫星，是拥有卫星最多的太阳系行星。故选择B。八大行星距离太阳的位置，由近及远分别是：水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星、海王星。

[单选题]母亲让自己的儿女帮他料理家务，让女儿去擦盘子，让男孩去拖地，但是男孩溜出去玩了，于是母亲将两项任务都交给了女儿。皮亚杰将这个故事讲给一群孩子听.这些孩子大部分认为妈妈的做法不对，女儿不应该服从，那么听故事的孩子们的年龄最有可能的是( )。

8～10岁

解析：皮亚杰将儿童的道德发展划分为四个阶段：第一阶段为"自我中心阶段"或前道德阶段（2-5岁），该阶段儿童缺乏接规则来规范行为的自觉性，在亲子关系、同伴关系、价值判断等方面均表现出自我中心倾向；第二阶段为"权威阶段"或他律道德阶段(6～7、8岁)，该阶段儿童表现出对外在权威绝对尊重和顺从，把权威确定的规则看作是绝对的、不可更改的，在评价自己和他人的行为时完全以权威的态度为依据：第三阶段为"可逆性阶段"或初步自律道德阶段（8～10岁），该阶段儿童的思维具有了守恒性和可逆性，他们已经不把规则看成是一成不变的东西，逐渐从他律转入自律，判断好坏的标准不是以权威而是以是否公平作为标准：第四阶段为"公正阶段"或自律道德阶段（10～12岁），该阶段的儿童继可逆性之后，公正观念或正义感得到发展，儿童的道禧观念倾向于主持公正、平等。根据皮亚杰的道德发展阶段理论，结合题干中"孩子大部分认为妈妈的做法不对"可知他们已经不把规则（妈妈的话）看成是一成不变的东西，故本题儿童处于8～10岁。