正确答案: B

Design courses are necessary to open.

题目：请阅读 Passage 1,完成 1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science,but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance,were determined by technologists,artisans,designers,inventors, and engineers-use nonscientific modes of thought.This kind of thinking way is different from science.Many features and qualities ofthe objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with the mind by a visual,nonverbal process.In the development of Western technology,it has been non-verbal thinking,by and large,that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics,but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them. 　　The creative shaping process of a technologist's mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists.For example,in designing a diesel engine,a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience,by physical requirements,by limitations of available space,and not least by a sense of form.Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter,may depend on scientific calculations,but the nonscientific component of design remains primary. 　　Design courses,then,should be an essential element in engineering curriculum.Nonverbal thinking of a central mechanism in engineering design,involves perceptions,the stock-in-trade of the artist,not the scientist.Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail "hard thinking" , nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive Process and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought.But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering,the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students,but rather students attending architectural schools. 　　If courses in design,which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving,are not provided.we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems.For example,early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system.absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations: they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.

解析：推断题。文章最后一段讲到，设计课有利于解决实际问题，如果不开设设计课，人类将会犯下愚蠢而又代价高昂的错误，然后举例说明这一观点。由此可见，作者认为很有必要开设设计课，B项符合题意。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]What aspect of vocabulary is trained in the following? The teacher asks the students to read the following passage to tell the writer's attitude towards the woman he is interviewing. Tall, tanned and debonair, Hazel Henderson is an unlikely revolutionary. She greets me with a warm smile and orders a port of tea, unlike the well-heeled matrons staying at this comfortable hotel.

connotation

解析：考查词汇教学。通过阅读一段文字来判断作者对所描述人物的态度，这是在帮助学生挖掘词汇的隐含意义，故选B。

[单选题] As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ______ grab a bite at the snack bar.

might as well

解析：考查习惯用语。may well主要用于加强推测的语气，表示具有较大的可能性；might as well用于表示提议，意为"不妨"；as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，作"也，还"解；as well作"也；又"解，相当于too或also，常位于句末。句意为"既然火车一个小时以后才开，我们不妨到快餐店吃点东西"。故选B。

[单选题]学校和教师按照确定的教育教学内容和课程设置开展教育教学活动，保证达到国家规定的基本质量和要求。国家鼓励学校和教师采用( )教育等教育教学方法，提高教育教学质量。

启发式

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第三十五条规定，学校和数师按照确定的教育教学内容和课程设置开展教育教学活动，保证达到国家规定的基本质量要求。国家鼓励学校和教师采用启发式教育等教育教学方法，提高教育教学质量。故选择C。

[单选题] The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity. There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend.It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government. The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin.There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school.For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm.There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place. Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour-if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance.Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity.Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress. The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential.It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of' integrity.Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one.The development of a school′s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing.Moreover, the school′s examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair.Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.

What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?

Family, culture and society play an active part.

解析：1.根据文章第一段第二句"…we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon，its prevention，or its effective management…"可知，到目前为止，我们还不是很了解医学院作弊现象的严重程度，也不甚明了该如何对此类现象进行预防和管理。既然目前所掌握的数据是不充足的，那么选项A、B、C所说的都不符合文章的原意，故均为错误选项。故选D。 2.作者在第二段说，人们一致认为，医学的基础就是诚信。在医学院作弊的学生通常比其他人更容易做出欺骗病人、同事和政府的事情。因此，医学以诚信为本的性质就决定了对医学院的作弊行为应该坚决打击。B项说的是打击作弊行为的结果，而不是原因。C项"医学依靠政府"，D项"医学院中作弊行为普遍存在"，都不符合文章内容。 3.作者在讨论作弊现象的根源时，结论是，作弊现象存在的原因是多方面的。学生在上医学院之前受到的家庭、社会和文化的熏陶在很大程度上决定他们是否会在考试中作弊。也就是选项A的内容。选项B、C、D的说法虽然都有道理，但是都过于绝对。学校的环境、家长的教育、电视的影响，虽然都起到一定作用，但是都不能说是决定性的。 4.A项"医学院应该确立明确的道德标准，淘汰道德素质低下的申请者"是错误选项。因为文章谈到如何甄别申请医学院学生的道德素质的时候，作者用的是虚拟语气"if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance"，即如果能有可靠的标准，能预先了解学生的道德水平，医学院在录取的时候应该照顾那些恪守道德准则的学生。可见目前并没有这样的标准可循。B项和文章的内容相反，因为文章明确地说"Medical schools…cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society."D项不正确，因为文章的本意是，医学院的学生在学期间，道德素质不仅不会提高，而且可能下降。但是作者并没有说，医学院在提高学生素质方面无计可施，而是敦促学校采取相应措施，增强未来医师们的道德感，故选C。 5.C项和文章最后一段的"The development of a school′s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing"相呼应。A项不正确，因为作者没有建议医学院应该降低考试难度。B项的叙述不准确，因为作者的本意是医学界的杰出人物应该树立楷模，而不是让他们设定一套人人遵循的行规。D项不正确，作者仅提议医学院对违反道德准则学生的处罚应该是坚决、公正、透明和统一的。作者并没有明确倡议一旦有作弊行为就将其开除出校。

[单选题]我国农历以干支纪年。公元1976年是农历丙辰年，据此推算，公元1977年应该是( )。

农历丁巳年

解析：本题考察干支纪年。古人以天干、地支作为年、月、日、时的序号，叫"干支纪法"。十干和十二支依次相配，如甲子、乙丑等，经过六十年又回到甲子，周而复始，循环不已。天干：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸：地支：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥。根据天干地支的顺序，丙辰年后应该是丁巳年。故选择A。

[单选题]《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020)》规定中小学应大力开展"阳光体育"运动，保证学生每天的锻炼时间是( )。

1小时

解析：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020)》规定中小学应大力开展"阳光体育"运动，保证学生每天的锻炼时间是1小时。故选择C。

[单选题]明知校舍或者教育教学设施有危险，而不采取措施，造成人员伤亡或者重大财产损失的，对直接责任人依法追究( )。

刑事责任

解析：《中华人民共和国教育法》第七十三条，明知校舍或者教育教学设施有危险，而不采取措施，造成人员伤亡或者重大财产损失的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法追究刑事责任。故选择C。