正确答案: B

The music industry favors musicians who have more social networks.

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Taylor Swift,the seven-time Grammy winner,is known for her articulate lyrics,so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry.Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. 　　"This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless," Swift wrote."In this moment in musiC.stepping out of your comfort zone is rewardeD.and sonic evolution is not only accepted ...it is celebrated.The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." 　　That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S.music report,which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales.This could be the 2013 story all over again,in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads,whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year,except that even including streams,album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014.Streaming has grown even more than it did last year,42 percent compared to 32 percent,but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music. 　　Consider this: in 2014 to date,Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million.In the comparable period of 2013,the total came to 731.7 million. 　　Swift,one ofthe few artists able to pull off stadium tours,believes it's all about quality."People are still buying albums,but now they're buying just a few of them," she wrote."They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." 　　In 2000,album sales peaked at 785 million.Last year,they were down to 415.3 million.Swift is right,but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows,it's too late.sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year,according to Nielsen,and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto.The top 10 also includes records by the aging or deaD.such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers.More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations,either: the Black Keys,Beck and the Arctic Monkeys.None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts,including or excluding streams.The top-selling album so far this year,by a huge margin,is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit,"Frozen" . 　　When,like me,you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released in Utero),it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days" ,a term even the 23-year old Swift uses.My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list.But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do,they no longer find much worth hearing. 　　The way the music industry works now may have something to do with <u>that</u>.In the old 　　days,musicians showed their work to industry executives,the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition,too,is eroding).The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds.Sometimes they followed the public taste,and sometimes they strove to shape it,taking big financial and career risks in the process.These days,according to Swift,it's all about the social networks."A friend of mine,who is an actress,told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses,the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers," Swift wrote."In the future,artists will get record deals because they have fans-not the other way around." 　　The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon).They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity.That's why YouTube made Psy a star,but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatle maniA.Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers,but he's no Jack White. 　　In the music industry's <u>heyday</u>,it produced a lot of schlock.But it got great music out to the masses,too.These days,it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making musiC.it may mean not getting heard.For fans it means less good music to stream and downloaD.Well,there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgiA.I guess.

解析：推断题。根据最后一段第三、四句可以看出，很多创作型歌手自我推销能力不够强，社交网不宽泛，这导致在现在的市场中他们并不容易为人所知，好作品也得不到传播。故本题选B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]奥苏伯尔提出的有意义学习是相对于( )而言的。

机械学习

解析：有意义学习是奥苏伯尔提出的与机械学习相对的概念。他认为，有意义学习过程的实质，就是符号所代表的新知识与学习者认知结构中已有的适当观念建立非人为的和实质性的联系。这一论断既给有意义学习下了明确的定义，也指出了划分机械学习与有意义学习的标准。

[多选题]阅读下面的材料，根据要求作文。 　　常言道："上山容易，下山难。"这句话是说：上山虽然费力，但不容易发生危险；下山虽然省力，但容易失足跌下山。其实，这简单的话语蕴含着丰富的人生哲理。 　　要求： 　　用规范的现代汉语写作。自定立意，自拟题目，自选文体。不少于800字。

解析：【解析】（一）评分标准： 　　一等(50-38)紧密围绕教育背景、教师身份写作，立意切合"教师的职业光辉伟大""教师的工作职责"等题意，中心突出，内容充实、情真意切、结构严谨、文体明确、语言优美、引经据典、字体优美；（教育学、心理学、教师职业素养，结合教育场景、学生心理，站在教育事业发展、教育体制改革的维度书写） 　　二等(37-25)站在教师立场思考主题，中心符合"教师应具备哪些知识技能""教师应具备那些专业素质"等角度，中心明确，内容较充实、感情真实、结构完整、文体突出、语言通顺、字迹清楚：（符合教师的职业素养，稍微联系理论和现实） 　　三等(24-12)中心基本符合题意、基本明确，内容单薄、感情基本真实、结构基本完整、文体基本符合、语言基本通顺、字迹潦草： 　　四等(11-0)"三观"观念错误，中心偏离题意、不明或立意不当、内容空洞、文体不明、矫揉造作、结构混乱、语病多、字迹难辨。（不具备作为教师的基本素质和辨别是非的能力，基本写作能力欠缺） 　　（二）写作硬性扣分项目：写作与文章相关的硬伤主要集中在内容残缺和语言表达基本功上，主要几大硬性扣分项目有：标题：不写，扣5分；文章结尾：不写，字数多于600字，扣10分；少于600字，残文11分以下；语句错误：2个扣1分，5个扣3分，多余5个，字句错误降等，降12分。

[单选题]学习不是本能活动，而是后天习得的活动，是由经验或实践引起的。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：学习是由经验引起的能力或行为倾向的相对持久变化。

[单选题]下列不属于布鲁巴奇等人在1994年提出的四种反思方法的是( )。

关注问题

解析：布鲁巴奇等人于1994年提出了四种反思的方法供教师参考，分别是反思日记、详细描述、交流讨论、行动研究。

[单选题]让儿童先去玩能体现数学概念的具体游戏，然后再接触完全符号化的概念。这是( )。

内隐学习

解析：内隐学习指的是在不知不觉中获得某种知识，学习了某种规则。

[单选题]《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》提出的教学管理制度改革的内容不包括推行( )。

导生制

解析：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010--2020年）》第三十二条规定：推进分层教学、走班制、学分制、导师制等教学管理制度改革。故选择B。导生制是近代学制的一种，又称为贝尔-兰开斯特制，先教一些年长而成绩好的学生，然后再由他们去教其他学生。

[单选题]在教育调研中，为获取相关资料而对一所学校或 　　一个学生进行专门调查属于( )。

个案调查

解析：个案调查法是指采用各种方法搜集有效、完整的资料，对单一对象进行深入细致研究的方法。

[单选题]用键盘选定文本时，应按住( )键，再按方向键。

shift

解析：用键盘选定文本时，先利用方向键，把光标移动到所要选择文本的起始位置，再按住shift，最后按方向键选择文档。故选择D。