正确答案: A

尊重和欣赏学生

题目：苏霍姆林斯基说："只有集体和教师首先看到学生的优点，学生才能产生上进心。"这句话提示教师( )。

解析：新课改背景下的教师观强调，教师要尊重和赞赏学生，做学生学习和发展的促进者，循循善诱，发现学生身上的闪光点。题干中，苏霍姆林斯基关注学生优点，鼓励学生不断发展，故选择A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[多选题]"白板说"是英国哲学家洛克提出的，它反映的是遗传决定论。( )

解析："白板说"反映的是环境决定论。洛克是英国教育家，他是外铄论的代表人物，外铄论的基本观点是人的发展主要依靠外在力量，诸如环境的刺激和要求、他人的影响和学校的教育等。洛克由此提出了"白板说"，他认为人出生时心灵犹如白纸或白板，对任何事物均无印象；人的一切观念和知识都是外界事物在白板上留下的痕迹，最终都导源于经验一一教育万能论。

[单选题]现代认知心理学把记忆系统分为瞬时记忆、短时记忆和( )。

长时记忆

解析：长时记忆，是指信息在记忆中储存时间超过1分钟以上，直至终身不忘的记忆。记忆容量无限，记忆时间一分钟意向，编码方式语义编码和表象编码（语义编码为主）。故选择A。B选项，内隐记忆是指个体无法意识的情况下，过去经验对当前作业产生的无意识影响，又叫自动的无意识记忆。C选项，操作记忆亦称短时记忆、工作记忆或电话号码式记忆。指信息一次呈现后，保持在一分钟以内的记忆。D选项，没有形式记忆这种说法，故排除D选项。

[单选题]行为主义理论的教学方法在( )中得到了集中体现。

程序教学

解析：行为主义心理学派把刺激一反应作为行为的基本单位，学习即"刺激一反应"之间联结的加强，教学的艺术在于如何安排强化。由此派生出程序教学、计算机辅助教学、自我教学单元、个别学习法和视听教学等多种教学模式和方式。随机进入教学是建构主义主张的教学模式。

[单选题]情绪表达可分为自我表达、向他人表达、向环境表达和升华表达四个层次。( )A.正确B.错误

解析：情绪的表达分为四个层面：一是向自己表达，二是向他人表达，三是向环境表达，四是升华的表达。

[单选题] That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering.Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory.Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.Socalled intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning.The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory.Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences. Practice(or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material.Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious.Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive.In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted co have survived through a process of natural selection in animals.Indeed, when one′s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief: Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection. In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade.Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example, learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be.Cases are recorded of people who(by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion.This forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species. Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting.In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output).Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned.Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.

According to the passage, if a person never forgot, _________.

he would have a lot of trouble

解析：1.原文第二段指出，如果一段时间内我们不对自己所学的进行练习，那么很快就会有所遗忘，在这种情况下适应性的后果也许不太明显。但是突发性失忆却会给适应性带来明显后果。故选A。 2.原文第三段表明，不遗忘的话，适应力就会变差。记录也显示不遗忘的人的生活是混乱的。故选B。 3.原文最后一段提到，研究表明记忆存储系统有限，而遗忘能力可对其进行灵活调节。在学习记忆（输入）与遗忘（输出）之间不断调节。事实证明，个人的遗忘率与他学习多少有直接关系。故选D。 4.本文通篇都在讨论遗忘对于人的适应机制的重要性，行文严谨，理论性很强，故选B。 5.通读全文可知，全文都在谈论遗忘的作用及其重要性，故选A。

[单选题]When the teacher gives feedback to students in teaching writing,he/she should 　　NOT_______.

give words simply like "good" or "very good" to the writing

解析：本题考查写作教学。教师对学生的作文进行反馈时，不能仅仅写个简单的评语“好”，这对学生写作技能的提高没有任何帮助；而应该指出哪里写得好，哪里有待改进，并针对学生在作文中发表的观点给出自己的意见。故本题选B。