正确答案: C

解元、会元、状元

题目：我国科举考试中有"连中三元"之说，其中"三元"指的是( )。

解析：我国古代科举考试分乡试、会试、殿试三级，其第一名分别为解元、会元、状元，接连在乡试、会试、殿试中考中第一名，称"连中三元"。故选择C。

查看原题 查看所有试题

学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]小刚数学成绩不佳。经过努力，他的数学成绩突飞猛进，考了很高的分数。数学老师认为她的成绩是抄袭所得，并在课堂上公开讲："你的成绩不属实。"这位老师的行为()。

违背了尊重学生的要求

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008年修订）"关爱学生"规定：要保护学生安全，关心学生健康，维护学生权益，要尊重学生的人格，耐心教导，教师不能讽刺、挖苦、歧视学生。教师的言行侵犯了学生的人格尊严，违反了关爱学生的职业道德，故选择A。

[单选题]下列是某市教委关于"禁止违规补课"的相关规定，其中不合理的是( )。

开设重点班与非重点班，利用周六日组织重点班学生进行补课

解析：《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第二十二条规定，县级以上人民政府及其教育行政部门应当促进学校均衡发展，缩小学校之间办学条件的差距，不得将学校分为重点学校和非重点学校。学校不得分设重点班和非重点班。故选择B。C选项中严禁教师有偿补课行为是合理的，正确的。

[单选题]"大有大成，小有小成"是( )教学原则具体运用的结果。

因材施教

解析：因材施教原则是指教师要根据学生的实际情况、个别差异，有的放矢地进行教学，使每个学生都能扬长避短，获得最佳发展。根据题干描述，选择D。A项，教学原则中，没有与自觉积极性相关内容，故排除。B项，启发性原则是指教师在教学工作中依据学习过程的客观规律，运用各种教学手段充分调动学生学习主动性、积极性，引导他们独立思考，积极探索，生动活泼地学习，自觉地掌握科学知提高分析问题和解决问题的能力的教学原则。启发最早出自孔子《论语》--"不愤不启，不悱不发。举一隅不以三隅反，则不复也"（不到学生努力想弄明白，但仍然想不透的程度时，先不要去开导他；不到学生心里明白，却又不能完善表达出来的程度时，也不要去启发他。如果他不能举一反三，就先不要往下进行了）。《学记》中也有启发原则的观点--"道而弗牵，强而弗抑，开而弗达"（要引导学生，但决不牵着学生的鼻子；要严格要求学生，但决不使学生感到压抑；要在问题开头启发学生思考，决不把最终结果端给学生）；"君子之教，喻也"（教学要善于启发诱导）。除了中国古代提出外，西方的苏格拉底的"产婆术"，也提出启发性原则。C项，巩固性原则是指教师要引导学生在理解的基础上牢固地掌握知识和基本技能，而且在需要的时候，能够准确无误地呈现出来，以利于知识、技能的运用。出自<论语》--"学而时习之，不亦说乎"。

[单选题]《学记》中提出"杂施而不孙，则坏乱而不修"的主张的教学原则是( )。

循序渐进原则

解析：本题考查的是对《学记》的理解及教学原则。"杂施而不孙，则坏乱而不修"指的是（如果不按教学规律逐渐推进）凌乱施教，等到发现了问题时再弥补就来不及了。强调在教学中要遵循教学规律，循序渐进。故选择B。A项，因材施教原则强调教师要根据学生的实际情况、个别差异，有的放矢地进行教学，使每个学生都能扬长避短，获得最佳发展。C项，巩固性原则是指教师要引导学生在理解的基础上牢固地掌握知识和基本技能，而且在需要的时候，能够准确无误地呈现出来，以利于知识、技能的运用。出自<论语》一一"学而时习之，不亦说乎"。D项，启发性原则是指在教学中教师要承认学生是学习的主体，注意调动他们的学习主动性，引导他们独立思考，积极探索，生动活泼地学习，自觉地掌握科学知识和提高分析问题和解决问题的能力。最早提出启发性原则的是孔子一一"不愤不启，不悱不发"：西方最早提出启发性原则的是苏格拉底一一"产婆术"。

[单选题]最早提出经典性条件作用的人是( )。

巴甫洛夫

解析：本题考查了行为主义理论的代表人物。其中，最早提出经典性条件作用论的是巴甫洛夫。故选择C。A选项，1903年美国教育学家桑代克发表了《教育心理学》一书，这是西方第一本以"教育心理学"命名的著作。桑代克因此也被称为"教育心理学之父"。B选项，斯金纳，新行为主义心理学家，提出操作性条件反射，系统论述了强化理论，提出了程序教学法。D选项，苛勒提出完形一顿悟说，他认为学习是个体利用本身的智慧与理解力对情境及情境与自身关系的顿悟，而不是动作的累积或盲目的尝试。

[单选题]如果学生已经有了哺乳动物的概念，然后再学习鲸这种动物，这种学习属于( )。

下位学习

解析：下位学习，又称类属学习，是指将概括程度或包含程度较低的新概念或命题归属到认知结构中已有的、概括程度或包含程度更高的适当概念或命题之下的学习，从而获得新概念或新命题的意义。题干所述"哺乳动物的概念"就是典型的原有概括程度高的知识，"鲸"就是概括程度低的新知识，所以这种学习属于下位学习。

[单选题]《世界记忆遗产名录》是经联合国教科文组织世界记忆工程国际咨询委员会确认的文献遗产项目。下列选项中，关于《世界记忆遗产名录》的表述正确的是（ ）。

收录具有世界意义的文献遗产

解析：《世界记忆名录》是指符合世界意义、经联合国教科文组织世界记忆工程国际咨询委员会确认而纳入的文献遗产项目。故本题选A。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Taylor Swift,the seven-time Grammy winner,is known for her articulate lyrics,so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry.Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. 　　"This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless," Swift wrote."In this moment in musiC.stepping out of your comfort zone is rewardeD.and sonic evolution is not only accepted ...it is celebrated.The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." 　　That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S.music report,which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales.This could be the 2013 story all over again,in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads,whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year,except that even including streams,album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014.Streaming has grown even more than it did last year,42 percent compared to 32 percent,but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music. 　　Consider this: in 2014 to date,Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million.In the comparable period of 2013,the total came to 731.7 million. 　　Swift,one ofthe few artists able to pull off stadium tours,believes it's all about quality."People are still buying albums,but now they're buying just a few of them," she wrote."They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." 　　In 2000,album sales peaked at 785 million.Last year,they were down to 415.3 million.Swift is right,but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows,it's too late.sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year,according to Nielsen,and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto.The top 10 also includes records by the aging or deaD.such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers.More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations,either: the Black Keys,Beck and the Arctic Monkeys.None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts,including or excluding streams.The top-selling album so far this year,by a huge margin,is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit,"Frozen" . 　　When,like me,you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released in Utero),it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days" ,a term even the 23-year old Swift uses.My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list.But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do,they no longer find much worth hearing. 　　The way the music industry works now may have something to do with that.In the old 　　days,musicians showed their work to industry executives,the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition,too,is eroding).The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds.Sometimes they followed the public taste,and sometimes they strove to shape it,taking big financial and career risks in the process.These days,according to Swift,it's all about the social networks."A friend of mine,who is an actress,told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses,the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers," Swift wrote."In the future,artists will get record deals because they have fans-not the other way around." 　　The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon).They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity.That's why YouTube made Psy a star,but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatle maniA.Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers,but he's no Jack White. 　　In the music industry's heyday,it produced a lot of schlock.But it got great music out to the masses,too.These days,it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making musiC.it may mean not getting heard.For fans it means less good music to stream and downloaD.Well,there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgiA.I guess.

How does the writer perceive Swift's attitude towards the future of the music industry?

She is no doubt over-optimistic about it.

解析：态度题。根据第一段最后一句“Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say.”可见作者对Taylor在《华尔街日报》上发表的言论并不买账，认为音乐的前景并不像她所说的那样乐观。故本题选A。