正确答案: D

张老师

题目：中午休息期间，学生刘某前往张老师开设的小卖店买了一袋酸奶，结果因为过期中毒，被紧急送往医院治疗。对这起事故应当承担主要责任的是( )。

解析：《学生伤害事故处理办法》第十四条规定：因学校教师或者其他工作人员与其职务无关的个人行为，或者因学生、教师及其他个人故意实施的违法犯罪行为，造成学生人身损害的，由致害人依法承担相应的责任。题目中，张老师开设小卖店，属于与职务无关行为，应该由张老师负责。故选择D。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]最早提出教育遵循自然"的观点，主张教育要适应儿童的年龄阶段，进行和谐发展的教育思想家是( )。

亚里士多德

解析：在教育史上，亚里士多德首次提出教育应"效法自然"的原理，而且把儿童和青少年的生理作为教育实施的依据之一。由于这一原理的提出及其运用，亚里士多德把教育学向前推进了一大步。

[单选题]某小学推行弘扬传统文化，培养社会新人的办学理念，开设中华传统经典诵读、书法、民族器乐等课程。为彰显其办学成果，学校组织大型表演性活动，学生在冬季雾蔼天长时间室外集体排练，导致大部分同学出现持续发烧、咳嗽的症状。这主要说明该学校( )。

忽视教育的育人功能

解析："育人为本、德育为先"是实施教育的主导思想。教育科学发展的本质要求，把育人为本作为教育工作的根本要求。该学校为彰显办学成果，在雾霾天排练导致学生身体健康出现问题，说明该学校忽视了教育的育人功能。

[单选题]在个体身心发展动因这一问题上，遗传决定论者 　　一般主张( )。

内发论

解析：内发论，即遗传决定论，内发论强调内在因素，如"需要""成熟"，遗传决定论强调人的身心发展的力量主要源于人自身的内在需要，身心发展的顺序也是由身心成熟机制决定的，即在人的身心发展过程中起决定作用的是遗传素质。所以，遗传决定论者主张内发论。

[多选题]青少年有巨大的发展潜能，大人应当听任学生任意发展。( )

解析：青少年虽然有巨大的发展潜能，但应该在教师与家长的引导下去发展，而不能放任。

[单选题]团结同学、尊敬师长、关心集体是性格特征中的( )。

态度特征

解析：性格的态度特征主要指的是一个人如何处理社会各方面的关系的性格特征，即他对社会、对集体、对他人以及对待自己的态度的性格特征。团结同学、尊敬师长、关心集体是性格特征中的态度特征。

[单选题]Passage 2 　　The subject of ballads, books and films,Robin Hood has proven to be one of popular 　　culture's most enduring folk heroes. Overthe course of 700 years, the outlaw fromNottingham shire who robs the rich to giveto the poor has emerged as one of the most enduring folk heroes in popular culture andone of the most versatile. But how has thelegend of Sherwood Forests merry outlaws evolved over time?Did a real Robin Hoodinspire these classic tales? 　　Beginning in the 15th century and perhaps even earlier, Christian revelers in certain partsof England celebrated May Day with plays and games involving a Robin Hood figure withnear-religious significance. In the 19th century,writer-illustrators like Howard Pyle adaptedthe traditional tales for children, popularizingthem in the United States and around theworld.More recently, bringing Robin to thesilver screen has become a rite of passagefor directors ranging from Michael Curtiz andRidley Scott to Terry Gilliam and Mel Brooks. 　　Throughout Robins existence, writers,performers and filmmakers have probed theirimaginations for new incarnations thatresonate with their respective audiences.In 14th-century England, where agrarian discontent had begun to chip away atthe feudal system, he appears as an anti-establishment rebel who murders government agents and wealthy landowners. Latervariations from times of less social upheaval dispense with the gore and cast Robin as a dispossessed aristocrat with a heart of gold and a love interest, Maid Marian. 　　Academics. meanwhile have combedthe historical record for evidence of a realrobin Hood English legal records suggestthat, as early as the 13th century, “Robehod,”“Rabunhod”and other variations had become common epithets for criminals. But what hadinspired these nicknames: a fictional tale,an infamous bandit or an amalgam of both?The first literary references to Robin Hood appear in a series of 14th-and 15th-century ballads about a violent yeoman who lived inSherwood Forest with his men and frequently clashed with the Sheriff of Nottingham.Rather than a peasant, knight or fallennoble, as in later versions, the protagonistof these medieval storiesis a commonerLittle John and Will Scarlet are part of thisRobin's “merry”crew--meaning, at the time, anoutlaws gang--but Maid Marian, Friar Tuck and Alan-a-Dale would not enter the legend untillater, possibly as part of the May Day rituals. 　　While most contemporary scholarshave failed to turn up solid clues, medieval chroniclers took or granted that a historicalRobin Hood lived and breathed during the 12thor 13th century. The details of their accountsvary widely, however, placing him in conflictingregions and eras. Not until John Majors“History of Greater Britain”(1521), for example,is he depicted as a follower of King Richard,one of his defining characteristics in moderntimes. 　　We may never know for sure whetherRobin Hood ever existed outside the versesof ballads and pages of books. And even ifwe did, fans, young and old, would still surelyflock to England's Nottinghamshire region for a tour of the legends alleged former hangouts,from centuries-old pubs to the Major Oak inSherwood Forest. What we do know is thatthe notion of a brave rebel who live on theoutskirts of society, fighting injustice andoppression with his band of companions, hauniversal appeal-whether he's played by ErrollFlynn, Russell Crowe or even, as on a 1979 episode of“The Muppet Show,” Kermit the Frog.

Which of the following methods is used by the author in elaborating his points?

Contrast and comparison

解析：本文讲述了Robin hood作为一个有象征意义的人物，在不同的时期，人们对于他真正的身份和来源的不同版本的介绍。作者在陈述这些内容的时候，采取了对比和比较的方法。故选择B。

[单选题]学生干部选举前，有学生家长给班主任张老师送礼请求他予以照顾，张老师拒绝了家长的要求。张老师的这一做法( )。

正确，符合为人师表的要求

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008年修订）中的"为人师表"要求教师要作风正派，廉洁奉公，自觉抵制有偿家教，不利用职务之便谋取私利。题干中张老师的做法体现了为人师表的职业道德规范。

[单选题]依据《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》，依法设置的专门学校（ ）。

由教育行政部门进行管理

解析：依据《未成年人保护法》第二十五条，依法设置专门学校的地方人民政府应当保障专门学校的办学条件，教育行政部门应当加强对专门学校的管理和指导，有关部门应当给予协助和配合。故本题选C。

[单选题]Which ofthe following shows the general intonation pattern in a complex sentence?

When I started my↗ career there was no↘ unemployment.

解析：本题考查语音知识。含状语从句的复合句的语调分为两种情况：①若主句在前，从句在后，主句结束时意思已经比较完整，则主句通常用降调，整个句子读完时也应该用降调；②若从句在前，主句在后，则语调通常是“前升后降”。故本题选B。