正确答案: B

The shift of popularity from humanities majors to career-focused ones.

题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Everyone knows that English departments are in trouble,but you can't appreciate just how much trouble until you read the new report from the Modern Language Association.The report is about Ph.D.programs,which have been in decline since 2008.These programs have gotten both more difficult and less rewarding: today,it can take almost a decade to get a doctorate,anD.at the end of your program,you're unlikely to find a tenure-track job. 　　The core of the problem is,of course,the job market.The M.L.A.report estimates that only sixty per cent of newly-minted Ph.D.s will find tenure-track jobs after graduation.If anything,<u>that's wildly optimistic</u>: the M.L.A.got to that figure by comparing the number of tenure-track jobs on its job list (around six hundred) with the number of new graduates (about a thousand).But that leaves out the thousands of unemployed graduates from past years who are still job-hunting-not to mention the older professors who didn't receive tenure,and who now find themselves competing with their former students.In all likelihooD.the number of jobs per candidate is much smaller than the report suggests.That's why the mood is so <u>dire</u>—why even professors are starting to ask,in the committee's words,"Why maintain doctoral study in the modern languages and literatures-or the rest ofthe humanities-at all?" 　　Those trends,in turn,are part of an even larger story having to do with the expansion and transformation of American education after the Second World War.Essentially,colleges grew less elite and more vocational.Before the war,relatively few people went to college.Then,in the nineteen-fifties,the G.I.Bill anD.later,the Baby Boom pushed colleges to grow rapidly.When the boom endeD.colleges found themselves overextended and competing for students.By the midseventies,schools were creating new programs designed to attract a broader range of students-for instance,women and minorities. 　　Those reforms worked: as Nate Silver reported in the Times last summer,about twice as many people attend college per capita now as did forty years ago.But all that expansion changed colleges.In the past,they had catered to elite students who were happy to major in the traditional liberal arts.Now,to attract middle-class students,colleges had to offer more career-focused majors,in fields like business,communications,and health care.As a result,humanities departments have found 　　themselves drifting away from the center of the university.Today,they are often regarded as a kind of institutional luxury,paid for by dynamiC.cheap,and growing programs in,say,adult-education.These large demographic facts are contributing to today's job-market crisis: they're why,while education as a whole is growing,the humanities aren't. 　　Given all this,what can an English department do? The M.L.A.report contains a number of suggestions.Pride of place is given to the idea that grad school should be shorter: "Departments should design programs that can be completed in five years." <u>That</u> will probably require changing the dissertation from a draft of an academic book into something shorter and simpler.At the same time,graduate students are encouraged to "broaden" themselves: to "engage more deeply with technology" ; to pursue unusual and imaginative dissertation projects; to work in more than one discipline; to acquire teaching skills aimed at online and community-college students; and to take workshops on subjects,such as project management and grant writing,which might be of value outside of academiA.Graduate programs,the committee suggests,should accept the fact that many of their students will have non-tenureD.or even non-academiC.careers.They should keep track of what happens to their graduates,so that students who decide to leave academia have a non-academic alumni network to draw upon.

解析：推断题。根据题干中的“today's job-market crisis"定位到文章第四段。第四段首先提到大学扩招，接着分析其影响——大学提供更多以职业为导向的专业，人文学科不再是学校的中心。最后一句“这就是为什么整个教育行业在扩张，而人文学科却面临窘境”是结论句。A项…二战’后大学扩招”并非导致当今就业市场危机的关键因素，只是问题的导火索，真正原因是由此带来的大学重心的转移。B项“人文学科不再盛行，而以职业为导向的学科日渐受人欢迎”，符合文意。C项“研究生中妇女以及少数民族人数的增加”，文中并未体现这与就业市场危机之间存在关联。D项“对于正在找工作的大学毕业生，学校没有给予就业相关的指导”，曲解文意。故本题选B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]教师讲课时，声音抑扬顿挫，富于变化，这是为了引起学生的( )。

无意注意

解析：无意注意也称不随意注意，是没有预定目的、无需意志努力、不由自主地对一定事物所发生的注意。无意注意是注意的初级形式，不仅人类有，动物也有。老师是为了引起学生的无意注意。故选择B。A选项，有意注意也称随意注意，是有预先目的，必要时需要意志努力的注意。C选项，有意后注意也称随意后注意，是有目的但是不需要意志努力的注意，熟练化动作和直接兴趣容易诱发有意后注意。D选项，注意的分散，又可称"分心"，是指注意离开了心理活动所要指向的对象，而被无关的对象吸引去的现象。

[单选题]When students are asked to go to the local museum,libraries,etC.to find out information about endangered animals and work out a plan for an exhibition,they are doing a(n)__________.

proj ect

解析：本题考查形成性评价的方法。教师让学生去博物馆、图书馆等搜查关于濒危动物的信息并让学生做出书面的展览规划，这属于一项学习项目。题干中的“搜查濒危动物的信息”可以算是一种survey（调查），但是还需要制订一个展览计划，因此整个任务应该是一个project（项目），故本题选C。

[单选题]若要在启动Word时，直接进入所要编辑的Word文档，不正确的做法是( )。

选择"开始"菜单中的"所有程序"中"MicrosoftWord"

解析：B项只是打开Word应用程序，要进入所要编辑的文档，还需在文件选项卡中选择打开文件，找到该文档。

[单选题] A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an.authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animals and plant species in all countries. Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asian and Africa. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost (永久冻土带) is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges pole-ward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.

The problem of global warming ________.

was theoretical 10 years ago but is not now

解析：1.细节题。本题的定位在“A decade ago，the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical""but evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky…not anymore”即十年前，这种观点只是理论上的，证据是模糊的，而现在再不是了。故选D。 2.细节题。由文中“the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun”，可见该机构的人员认为这种变暖毫无疑问已经开始了。A、B不符合文意，D没有提及。故选C正确。 3.细节题。定位为“worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century，and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record”，即在过去的一世纪中，世界气温上涨了0.5℃，而20世纪90年代是史上最热的十年。A项错误，C和D项没有提及。 4.细节题。关于亚洲和非洲的描述出现在文章的最后一段。其中提到了干旱，永久冻土带正在消融，河水和湖水的冰冻时间推后，日渐消融，植物和动物都不断向高海拔移动，动物的迁徙被打乱等等。B、C、D都没有提及，故选A，动物正向别处搬家正确。 5.主旨题。文章主要是介绍全球变暖对于地球上生物生活的影响，并没有介绍变暖的原因和责备人类造成了气候变暖，故B和C错误。D项过于偏颇。故选A。

[单选题]体操课上.老师要求每位同学自行编排出一套新的体操动作，菲菲将课上学习到的体操动作进行适当的调整组合，重新编排出一套新的体操。这属于学习的( )现象。

重组性迁移

解析：重组性迁移是指重新组合原有经验系统中的某些构成要素或成分，调整各成分之间的关系或建立新的联系，从而应用于新的情境。菲菲把学到的动作进行调整组合，属于学习的重组性迁移。

[单选题]人的素质从狭义的角度来讲，只包括( )。

生理素质

解析：人的素质从狭义的角度来讲是指人的先天的解剖生理特点，主要是感觉器官和神经系统方面的特点，即生理素质。

[单选题]学校形态最早出现于( )。

夏

解析：我国最早的学校产生于夏朝。故选择A。