正确答案: A

there being

题目：What is the chance of________another typhoon in this area this summer?

解析：本题考查动名词的复合结构。句意为“该地区今年夏天再次发生台风的可能性有多大？”此处there be句型作介词of的宾语，因此be动词用动名词形式。故本题选A。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题] According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the fanuly, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment. Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce eonsistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group's members. Expressive leaders are less concemed with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others tasks and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group's goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

The Passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on ________.

achieving a goal

解析：1.主旨题。文章主要讲述不同的领导者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能。所以D为正确答案。选项A、B、C都不能正确概括本文主旨。 2.细节题。短文第一段指出了成为领导者的不同方式：traditional cultural patterns， election or recruitment.选项C在文中并没有提及。故选C。 3.推断题。短文第二段指出“It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common.”即似乎并不是所有的领导者都有同样的个人素质。由此可推断出某一个团队的优秀领导可能并不适合另外的团队。故选项A正确。 4.细节题。由题干可定位至第二段“…decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of‘natural leaders’”，即近几十年的研究发现并没有哪一类人是“天生的领导”。故选项B正确。 5.细节题。短文最后两段主要讲述了两种领导：指导型领导和表达型领导，并指出了他们的不同点。由“Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group”和“Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group”可知指导型领导重视团队任务的完成，关心团队目标，而表达型领导却不是这样。故选项D正确。

[单选题]“孟母三迁“是我国历史上著名的古诗，它说明了环境对人的成长具有重要作用。关于学校优化育人环境，下列说法不恰当的是

促进了人的气质的发展

解析：本题考查影响人身心发展的因素——遗传、环境、学校教育、个体主观能动性。其中，学校教育在人的发展中起主导作用，表现在(1)学校教育按社会对个体的基本要求对个体发展方向做出社会性规范。(2)学校教育具有加速个体发展的特殊功能。(3)学校教育，尤其是基础教育对个体发展的影响具有即时和延时的价值。(4)学校教育具有开发个体特殊才能和发展个性的功能。B选项“人的气质”依赖于人的生理素质或身体特点，受生理影响大，稳定性强，受后天因素影响小，不容易改变，正确答案为B。

[单选题]Task-based language teaching activities should take students' living experience and ________ as starting point, the contents and ways should be true as much as possible.

interest

解析：考查任务型活动设计。任务型语言教学活动要以学生的生活经验和兴趣为出发点，认为学习是满足个体内部需要的过程，在教学目标上注重突出教学的情意功能，追求学生在认知、情感和技能目标上的均衡达成。