正确答案: C

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题目：请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　IF YOU want something done,the saying goes,give it to a busy person.It is an odd way to guarantee hitting deadlines.But a paper recently published in the Journal of Consumer Research suggests it may,in fact,be true-as long as the busy person conceptualises the deadline in the right way. 　　Yanping Tu of the University of Chicago and Dilip Soman of the University of Toronto 　　examined how individuals go about both thinking about and completing tasks.Previous studies have shown that such activity progresses through four distinct phases: pre-decision,post-decision (but pre-action),action and review.It is thought that what motivates the shift from the decision-making stages to the doing-something stage is a change in mindset. 　　Human beings are a deliberative sort,weighing the pros and cons of future actions and remaining open to other ideas and influences.However,once a decision is taken,the mind becomes more "implemental" and focuses on the task at hand."The mindset towards 'where can I get a sandwich'," explains Ms Tu,"is more implemental than the mindset towards 'should I get a sandwich or not?'" 　　Ms Tu and Dr Soman advise in their paper that "the key step in getting things done is to get started." But what drives that? They believe the key that unlocks the implemental mode lies in how people categorise time.They suggest that tasks are more likely to be viewed with an implemental mindset if an imposed deadline is cognitively linked to "now" -a so-called like-the-present scenario.That might be a future date within the same month or calendar year,or pegged to an event with a familiar spot in the mind's timeline (being given a task at Christmas,say,with a deadline of Easter).Conversely,they suggest,a deadline placed outside such mental constructs (being "unlike-the-present" ) exists merely as a circle on a calendar,and as such is more likely to be considered deliberatively and then ignored until the last minute. 　　To <u>flesh out</u> this ideA.the pair carried out five sets of tests,with volunteers ranging from farmers in India to undergraduate students in Toronto.In one test,the farmers were offered a financial incentive to open a bank account and make a deposit within six months.The researchers predicted those approached in June would consider a deadline before December 31st as like-the-present.Those approached in July,by contrast,received a deadline into the next year,and were expected to think of their deadline as unlike-the-present.The distinction worked.Those with a deadline in the same year were nearly four times more likely to open the account immediately as those for whom the deadline lay in the following year.Arbitrary though calendars may be in parsing up the continuous fiow of time,humans parse their concept of time in line with <u>them.</u> 　　The effect can manifest itselfin even subtler ways.In another set of experiments,undergraduate students were given a calendar on a Wednesday and were asked to suggest an appropriate day to carry out certain tasks before the following Sunday.The trick was that some were given a calendar with all of the weekdays coloured purple,with weekends in beige (making a visual distinction between a Wednesday and the following Sunday).Others were given a calendar in which every other week,Monday to Sunday,was a solid colour (meaning that a Wednesday and the following Sunday were thus in the same week,and in the same colour).Even this minor visual cue affected how like-or unlike-the-present the respondents tended to view task priorities. 　　These and other bits of framing and trickery in the research support the same thesis: that making people link a future event to today triggers an implemental response,regardless of how far in the future the deadline actually lies.If the journey of l,000 miles starts with a single step,the authors might suggest that you take that step before this time next week.

解析：词汇题。fiesh out的原义是“充实，具体化”。根据第五段第一句可知这里是对上文的观点做进一步解释，是为了证明上面的观点，与C项add details to的意思吻合。put forward“提出”，dream up“想起，想象出”，come up with“提出，想出”，均不符合。故本题选C。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]掌握概念的一般意义，实质上是掌握同类事物的共同关键特征和本质属性，这种学习是( )。

概念学习

解析：概念学习指掌握概念的一般意义，实质上是掌握同类事物的共同的关键特征和本质属性。

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。 Passage 1 When it comes to airline travel,perhaps nothing has revolutionized the passenger experience more than airline apps.IndeeD.they're becoming so ubiquitous that more than 50 percent of U.S travelers have at least one airline app installed on their smart device,according to travel industry research firm Phocuswright.Maybe that's because apps make travel easier,and often are more functional than a kiosk or even an airline'sown website.Passengers report that they're often more quickly informed of a flight cancellation or gate change than an airline employee.Not all airline apps are created equal, 　　but in general you can use an app to check in for a flight,change seats,and request and pay for an upgrade.Road warriors in particular appreciate mobile boarding passes and the ability to track their flights.Many airlines now offer free onboard streaming entertainment via apps.The Delta Air Lines app even allows users to track their bags,from check-in to carousel,while the Air France app lets passengers download magazines and newspapers from the airline's library 30 hours prior to departure. But what if you are traveling extensively on more than one airline? Global airline alliances have their own apps that allow you to view flights for all member airlines and their affiliates,including code share flights.In general,you can find flight schedules for all member airlines and track member airline flights.Airport information is available,as are details about local weather at the destination.Where's the nearest airport lounge? The app will locate it for you. The SkyTeam airline alliance app goes a step further by letting its SkyPriority members (SkyTeam Elite Plus members and customers with first and business-class tickets) find out exactly which SkyPriority services-including priority check in and baggage drop off,as well as access to priority security lanes and boarding lanes-are available at individual airports. You'll find that some alliance app features are available through multiple channels of communication.For example,SkyTeam members have formed their own online community by sharing traveler tricks and airport tips accessible through a variety of channels,including the app,SkyTeam's website,Facebook page and a dedicated tips site.SkyTeam's YouTube page features travel tips from regional celebrities. Just as airlines seem to have conquered social mediA.another method of communicating with travelers has just arrived.KLM Royal Dutch Airlines is the first carrier to sign up for Facebook's Messenger chat app.KLM flyers can automatically receive itineraries,flight updates,checkin notifications,boarding passes and rebook flights and communicate with customer service,all from Facebook Messenger.Messenger for Business was launched so that customers-in this case,passengers-can transact business over the messaging app in a single communication thread.Roughly 80 percent of passengers on planes traveling within the U.S.have the Messenger app installed on their smartphones,according to Facebook. 　　Clearly,mobile apps and social media have transformed our digital lives.Airlines favor apps and other technologies because they get customers out of airport lines and off phone lines.Through their smart devices,travelers now have untethered access to travel information.A few quick taps can supply individuals with information never dreamed possible even a decade ago.And with more people using smartphones as their primary computing device,and as more people own cell phones globally,people expect technology-driven methods of communication and convenience to accelerate.Whether you're high-tech or not,you must admit that having immediate access to the information you need sure beats getting a busy signal on a toll-free phone line.

What makes mobile apps appealing to travelers according to the last paragraph?

Immediate access to the needed information.

解析：细节题。最后一段前半部分介绍了手机应用程序能够为乘客获取信息提供较多的无限制的渠道，强调人们只通过简单的操作就能获取即时信息；而且根据最后一句“Whether you're high-tech or not,you must admit that having immediate access to the information you need sure beats getting a busy signal on a toll-free phone line.”也可得知本题选D.A.B两项并不是最后一段强调的重点，c项文章并未提及。故本题选D。

[单选题]感知、记忆、思维是信息加工过程，也是我们获取和应用知识的基本过程，它们属于( )。

认知过程

解析：认知过程是指人脑对客观事物的现象和本质进行反映的过程，包括感知觉、记忆、思维和想象等心理现象。故选择A。