正确答案: B

尊重学生人格

题目：晓茜写了一篇小说，想要寄出去发表。孙老师知道后，在班上公开批评晓茜："话都说不利索就想当作家？你也不称称自己有几斤几两！"晓茜当场羞红了脸。孙老师的做法违背的师德规范是()。

解析：《中小学教师职业道德规范》（2008年修订）"关爱学生"规定，教师要关心爱护全体学生，尊重学生的人格，平等、公正对待学生。题目中的孙老师公开批评羞辱小茜，没有做到尊重学生的人格。故选择B。

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学习资料的答案和解析：

[单选题]广义的教育是指( )。

一切培养人的活动

解析：广义的教育是人类特有的一种社会现象，是一种促进人的素质发展的社会活动，凡是他人和自我有目的地增进人的知识技能、影响人的思想品德等素质发展的活动，都是教育。故选择D。A项，学校教育是与社会教育相对的概念。专指受教育者在各类学校内所接受的各种教育活动，是教育制度重要组成部分。一般说来，学校教育包括学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育、职业教育和特殊教育等。B项，广义的社会教育指一切社会生活影响于个人身心发展的教育：狭义的则指学校教育以外的一切文化教育设施对青少年、儿童和成人进行的各种教育活动。现代社会教育是学校教育的重要补充。C项，传统的家庭教育是在家庭生活中，由家长对其子女实施的教育，即家长有意识地通过自己的言传身教和家庭生活实践，对子女施以一定教育影响的社会活动。按照现代观念家庭教育包括：生活中家庭成员（包括父母和子女等）之间相互的影响和数育。

[单选题]墨子在教育学生时注意"子深其深、浅其浅、益其益、尊其尊"。这体现的教育原则是( )。

因材施教

解析：本题考查的是教育原则。孔子倡导的是"因材施教"的教学原则，而这句话说的也是"用深一点的知识去教育程度较深的人，用浅点的知识去教育程度较浅的人，用使其增长的办法对待人的长处，用尊重的态度去对待别人的自尊。"故选择B。全面发展和自主探究不属于教育原则，故排除CD选项。A选项，循序渐进原则是指教师严格按照科学知识的内在逻辑体系和学生认识能力发展的顺序进行教学。循序渐进的"序"，包括教材内容的逻辑顺序、学生生理节律的发展之顺序、学生认识能力发展的顺序和认识活动本身的顺序，是这四种顺序的有机结合。

[单选题]在学业成功与失败归因中、内在的、可控的、不稳定的因素是( )。

努力程度

解析：成败归因理论，是韦纳及其同事在20世纪70年代进行了大量关于归因与学习动机的研究表明，个体对成功和失败原因的解释影响着与成就有关的行为。稳定与非稳定性维度指的是作为行为原因的内外因素是否具有持久的特征。成败归因理论的稳定因素包括能力、任务难度。心境、运气和一时努力因素是不稳定的。故选择A。

[单选题]高考前学生由于期望过高、压力过大而影响学习效率。根据耶克斯一多德森定律，为提高学习效率，学生应( )。

适当降低动机水平

解析：耶克斯一多德森定律表明，中等程度的动机水平最有利于任务的完成。该学生现有动机水平过高，为达到适中，应适当降低动机水平。

[单选题]情绪A，B，C理论中的B是指( )。

信念

解析：A，B，C理论是由美国心理学家埃利斯创建的。就是认为激发事件A(activatingevent)只是引发情绪和行为后果C(consequence)的间接原因，而引起C的直接原因则是个体对激发事件A的认知和评价而产生的信念B(belief)。

[单选题]科尔伯格有关儿童道德判断发展的研究中，寻求认可取向阶段属于( )。

习俗水平

解析：科尔伯格以为道德判断可分为前习俗水平、习俗水平和后习俗水平。每个水平包括两个阶段，习俗水平的两个阶段是寻求认可取向和遵守法规取向阶段。

[单选题]托物言志是( )法的具体作用。

自我教育

解析：自我教育法，也称为自我修养法是指在教育者指导下，受教育者在自我意识基础上产生积极进取心，为形成良好思想品德而向自己提出任务，进行自觉的思想转化和行为控制的。托物言志指的是通过对物品的描写和叙述，表现自己的志向和意愿，正是自我教育法的体现。故选择A。B项，陶冶教育法又称情感陶冶法，它是教师利用环境和自身的教育因素，对学生进行潜移默化的熏陶和感染，使其在耳濡目染中受到感化的方法。陶冶教育法包括：人格感化、环境陶冶和艺术陶冶等。C项，榜样示范法是用榜样人物的高尚思想、模范行为、优异成就来影响学生的思想、情感和行为的方法。D项，语言说服法是运用口头和书面语言向学生讲述道理，使学生明辨是非的方法，是通过摆事实、讲道理，使学生提高认识、形成正确观点的方法。说服教育是德育工作的基本方法。说服教育的方式主要有语言说服和事实说服。

[单选题] After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity that shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 am on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city's highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers aren't resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations, The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake's vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

One reason why the loss oflives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that ________.

improvements had been made in the constructions of buildings and highways

解析：1.细节题。根据短文第三段第二句“…changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes.”可知是因为建筑法规在20年内的改变，使地震中的伤亡人数相对不高。故选项D正确。 2.细节题。根据短文第五段最后一句“When the ground shakes and the building tips forward，the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.”可知当地面晃动，建筑物向前倾斜时，电脑会迫使它向相反的方向改变，从而保持平衡。故选项A正确。 3.细节题。文章最后一段指出“The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However，they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.”可知这种新型的智能结构虽然昂贵但是很值得建造。选项A、C文中没有提到，选项D的表述与原文不一致．故选项B正确。 4.推断题。根据短文第五段可知，过去人们认为建筑材料对减少地震损失很重要，但那是以前的方法，排除选项A、B。而现在重点强调的办法是减少地面震动。选项D文章没有提及，故选C。 5.主旨题。纵观短文可看出作者是通过描述发生在洛杉矶的地震来指出抗震技术的提高。选项A是说地震结果的比较，不是文章重点，选项B、C与原文表述不符，故选项D正确。

[单选题] A proverb allegedly from ancient China was widely spread in the west:"If you want to be happy for a few hours, go to get drunk; if you want a lifetime happiness, take up gardening." The reason for the last option is this: Gardening is not only useful, but it helps you to identify yourself with nature, and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health. A research of a US university that I've read gives a definition of happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks one's life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory. Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisure. But according to a study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in fond dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him. Happiness is a game balancing between two ends-what one has and what one wishes for,e.g. one's dream and the possibility to realize it. The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his own identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion.

Which of the following is more likely to be unhappy according to the study?

The one who is ambitious regardless of his actual situation.

解析：1.细节题。短文第一段最后一句指出“it helps you to identify yourself with nature， and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health”，可知园艺可以帮助你与大自然融合在一起，改善你的健康，给你带来新的快乐。故选项D正确。 2.细节题。根据短文第三段第二句“But according to a study，it is not a person with plenty ofleisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure.”可知研究表明，工作着的人最快乐。故选项C正确。 3.细节题。短文第三段最后两句指出“People often do not cherish what they already have but yearn for what they cannot get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in fond dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him.”由此可知作者用有些男人沉迷于有很多情人的这个例子来表明人们常常不会珍惜已经拥有的，却渴望那些得不到的。故选项D正确。 4.推断题。短文最后一段第二句指出“…A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation…”这句话意思正好与选项B相反。而选项A、C、D表达的内容都符合原文对 happy man快乐的人的表述。故选B。 5.细节题。由短文最后一段第一句“Happiness is a game balancing between two ends- what one has and what one wishes for…”可知“快乐是一个在两端之间寻找平衡的游戏——一个人所拥有的和他所希望得到的”。故选项D正确。