正确答案: A
分级管理,分工负责
题目:国务院和各地级人民政府领导和管理教育的原则是( )。
解析:《中华人民共和国教育法》第十四条规定:国务院和地方各级人民政府根据分级管理、分工负责的原则,领导和管理教育工作。中等及中等以下教育在国务院领导下,由地方人民政府管理。高等教育由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理。故选择A。
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学习资料的答案和解析:
[单选题]针对已有教学方法不足,李老师提出并在实践中不断完善情景教学法,取得良好成效,这充分体现了李老师()。
勇于探索创新
解析:《中小学教师职业道德规范》(2008修订)"终身学习"规定,教师要树立终身学习理念,拓宽知识视野,更新知识结构,不断提高专业素养和教育教学水平。李老师在已有的教学方法的基础上,不断完善情境教学法,这是在教学实践中探索和创新,故选则A。
[单选题]家境困难的马老师辅导学生的经验非常丰富,为了补贴家用,每周有4天晚上在家里辅导学生,但所收费用不高。由于精力不济,只能推托学校安排的课外活动课程,马老师的做法( )。
应予处理,违规违纪且影响了正常教学
解析:《中华人民共和国教师法》第三十七条规定:教师"故意不完成教育教学任务给教育教学工作造成损失的"的情形,由所在学校、其他教育机构或者教育行政部门给予行政处分或者解聘。故选择D。
[单选题]启发性教学原则的本质属性是( )。
各种教学方法的指导思想
解析:启发性教学原则指教师在教学工作中运用各种教学手段充分调动学生学习主动性、积极性,引导他们独立思考,积极探索,生动活泼地学习,自觉地掌握科学知识和提高分析问题和解决问题的能力的教学方法。无论选择或采用哪种教学方法,都要以启发式教学思想作为运用各种教学方法的指导思想。故选择B。
[单选题]美国教育学家布鲁纳提出了结构教学理论和发现式学习法,他认为学习是一个主动形成和发展认知结构的过程,是在( )的推动下,学习者主动对新知识加以选择、转换、储存和应用的过程。
内在动机
解析:考查的是布鲁纳的认知一结构学习论。布鲁纳认为学习是一个主动形成和发展认知结构的过程,是在内在动机的推动下,学习者主动对新知识加以选择、转换、储存和应用的过程。
[单选题]太阳小学三(2)班学生小明数学考试没考好,其父母一改以前的决定,暂时不为他购买小天才电话手表。这属于( )。
惩罚
解析:强化是指采用适当的强化物而使机体反应频率、强度和速度增加的过程。惩罚则是当有机体作出某种反应之后,呈现一个厌恶刺激,以消除或抑制此反应的过程。题目中的孩子出现数学学习成绩不好的现象后,父母给他呈现一个厌恶刺激即暂时不给其买小天才电话手表,目的是消除数学成绩不好这种现象,是一种惩罚。
[单选题]人本主义心理学的代表人物是( )。
马斯洛
解析:人本主义心理学是20世纪五六十年代在美国兴起的一种心理学思潮,其主要代表人物是马斯洛和罗杰斯。马斯洛认为人的行为动机都是在需要的基础上被激发出来的。而人具有5种需要即生理需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重需要、自我实现需要。故选择B。A选项,华生认为"给我一打健康的婴儿,不管他们祖先状况如何,我可以任意把他们培养成从领袖到小偷等各种类型的人。"C选项,霍尔,内发论的代表人物,他认为"一两的遗传胜过一吨的教育"。D选项,杜威提出的《民主主义与教育》中指出"教育的过程,在它自身以外没有目的,它就是它自己的目的。"杜威所否定的是教育的一般的、抽象的目的,强调的是教育过程内有的目的,即每一次教育活动的具体目的,并非主张教育完全无目的。杜威的三中心论包括"儿童中心(学生中心)"、"经验中心"、"活动中心",强调做中学。
[单选题]热爱集体与自私自利、创新与保守、自尊与自卑属于( )。
性格特征
解析:性格是一个人在对现实的稳定态度以及与之相适应的、习惯化的行为方式方面的个性心理特征。题干描述为性格的态度特征。
[单选题]教师心理健康的标准是( )。
能与现实环境保持接触
解析:心理健康是一种良好的、持续的心理状态与过程,表现为个人具有生命的活力、积极的内心体验、良好的社会适应、能够有效地发挥个人的身心潜力以及作为社会一员的积极的社会功能,可排除A,B,D。
[单选题] Many years ago, I came across a book by Anthony de Mello called Awareness.De Mello was an Indian Jesuit priest whose writing was condemned by the Roman Catholic Church.To me, he is a great source of inspiration, and he has much to say about happiness and pain.Life is easy; life is delightful.It′s only hard on your illusions, your ambitions, your greed, and your cravings.
One of De Mello′s key messages is that, by nature, life is not a struggle.Attachment- greed, craving, ambition-is the cause of all misery, and so to be detached is to be happy.Does this mean we should have no preferences?Should we not want to achieve more?Should we not desire and seek out the good things in life?I think it would be absurd to say that we should have no preference between different experiences and conditions, but a distinction needs to be made between preference and attachment.We are surrounded by contrast, and one can choose-and enjoy-different experiences, without being attached to them.To enjoy someone′s company without being clingy, to feel great pleasure when watching the sunset on a cool summer evening without mourning the coming of the night-we can have preferences and make choices about what we experience without craving them.We are free to choose-and to prefer-some conditions over others.But when our preferences become cravings, then life becomes a struggle to achieve these conditions, and once we have achieved them, we start to worry about losing them.
An analogy might be going for a long walk in the country-there will be various different scenes, and each one can be enjoyed.Perhaps you have some preference for a certain view or a particular spot on the walk, and you might linger in one place for a while, but all of the different parts of the walk can be enjoyed along the way.
Happiness, it seems, is to accept the world as it is, enjoying the journey as we pass through and being appreciative of each stage on the way.If it is peace you want,seek to change yourself, not other people.It is easier to protect your feet with slippers than to carpet the whole of the earth. Trying to change the world in a forceful way is a foolish endeavor.Changing yourself may, in time, change things around you, but to"take on" the world will probably not achieve much.Force may result in change, but it will be temporary and easily reversed.Real change is the result of quiet, patient working with the natural flow of things, just as water can cut a deep valley in a landscape.
Lao Tze, the semi-mythical Taoist sage, is said to have written in the Tao Te Ching, "By letting it go it all gets done.The world is won by those who let it go.But when you try and try, the world is beyond the winning."
The killer of happiness is________.
the attachment
解析:1.由文章第二段第二句话"Attachment-greed,craving,ambition-is the cause of all misery,and so to be detached is to be happy."可知"the attachment"是幸福的杀手。
2.由文章倒数第二段最后一句话"…just as water can cut a deep valley in a landscape."可知,作者欣赏的是静水流深的特性。A项是"静水流深",B项是"滴水穿石",C项是"有志者,事竟成",D项是"水至清则无鱼",故选A。
3.由文章第一段"To me,he is a great source of inspiration"可知,受到谴责是因为他的书给人灵感,而这正是当时宗教所不容许的。故答案选A。
4.文章最后一句引用了老子的《道德经》中的话:只有放手才能赢得世界,获得幸福;不断尝试是无用的。可知,幸福来源于对自身的满足。故答案选B。
5.老子的这句话是来支持作者观点的,作者围绕着"幸福"来展开叙述,并介绍获得幸福的方法。故答案选C。