正确答案: D

Moral purity.

题目：22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras is best known today for his mathematical theorem,which haunts the dreams of many geometry students,but for centuries he was also celebrated as thefather of vegetarianism.A meatless diet was referred to as a“Pythagorean diet”for years,up untilthe modern vegetarian movement began in the mid-1800s. 　　While Pythagoras was an early proponent of a meatless diet,humans have been vegetarianssince well before recorded history.Most anthropologists agree that early humans would have eaten apredominantly plant-based diet;after all,plants can't run away.Additionally,our digestive systemsresemble those of herbivores closer than camivorous animals.Prehistoric man ate meat,of course,but plants formed the basis of his diet. 　　Pythagoras and his many followers practiced vegetarianism for several reasons,mainly dueto religious and ethical objections.Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls.Animals wereno exception,so meat and fish were banished from his table.Strangely enough,he also banished avegetable that has a place of honor on most vegetarian menus today,the“humble”bean.His followerswere forbidden to eat or even touch beans,because he thought beans and humans were created fromthe same material.Fava beans were especially bad,as they have hollow steams that could allow thesouls ofthe dead to travel up from the soil into the growing beans. 　　While the edict against beans was lifted not long after Pythagoras' death,his followers continued to eat a meatless diet.His principles infiuenced generations of academics and religiousthinkers,and it was a group of these like-minded individuals who founded the Vegetarian Societyin English in the mid-1800s.The virtues of temperance,abstinence and self-control were all tied tovegetarian ideals,while lust,drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too richin meat products.Notable early vegetarians included Leo Tolstoy,George Bernard Shaw,MahatmaGandhi and American Bronson Alcott,a Transcendentalist teacher,reformer and the father oflittleWomen author Louisa May Alcott. 　　It wasn't until the 1960s that vegetarianism moved into mainstream American life and themovement's growth picked up speed in the 1970s when a young graduate student named FrancisMoore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet.In it,she advocated a meatless diet not for ethical or moral reasons,but because plant-based foods have much less impact on the environmentthan meat does.Today,many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues,or concernsover animal treatment,a principle first espoused in Peter Singer's 1975 work Animal Liberation.

解析：推断题。根据第四段第三句可知十九世纪中叶的素食主义者不吃肉是因为他们认为好色、酗酒、无赖都是由吃肉引起的。故答案为D。

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[单选题]下列说法正确的是( )。

王昌龄善写七言绝句，被誉为"七绝圣手"

解析：王昌龄，盛唐著名边塞诗人，后人誉为"七绝圣手"。故选择A。王昌龄代表作品：《出塞》（"但使龙城飞将在，不教胡马度阴山"）、《从军行》（"黄沙百战穿金甲，不破楼兰终不还"）、《芙蓉楼送辛渐》（"洛阳亲友如相问，一片冰心在玉壶"）。B选项，被誉为"诗骨"的是陈子昂。故B错误。王勃，与杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王并称为"初唐四杰"，王勃为四杰之首。主要作品：《滕王阁序》（"落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色"）、《送杜少府之任蜀州》（"海内存知己，天涯若比邻"）。陈子昂，唐代诗人。诗词风格高俊，有汉魏风骨，被誉为"诗骨"。代表作品：《登幽州台歌》（"前不见古人，后不见来者。念天地之悠悠，独怆然而涕下"）等。故B错误。C选项，被誉为"诗狂"的是贺知章。故C错误。贾岛，唐代诗人，贾岛做诗发牢骚，被韩愈发现才华，并成为"苦吟诗人"。著名的典故"推敲"即出自此人。主要作品：《剑客》（"十年磨一剑，霜刃未曾试"）、《题李凝幽居》（"鸟宿池边树，僧敲月下门"推敲的典故便出于此）。贺知章，唐代著名诗人，为人旷达不羁，人称"诗狂"。草书与张旭、怀素并称"唐草三杰"。主要作品：《回乡偶书》（"儿童相见不相识，笑问客从何处来"）、《咏柳》（"二月春风似剪刀"）。D选项，被誉为"诗鬼"的是李贺。故D错误。刘禹锡，唐代诗人，有"诗豪"之称。主要作品：《乌衣巷》（"1日时王谢堂前燕，飞入寻常百姓家"）、《陋室铭》（"山不在高，有仙则名。水不在深，有龙则灵""无丝竹之乱耳，无案牍之劳形"）、《秋词》（"自古逢秋悲寂寥，我言秋日胜春朝"）等。李贺，唐代诗人，被誉为"诗鬼"，与李白、李商隐三人并称唐代"三李"。代表作品：《李凭箜篌引》（"吴质不眠倚桂树，露脚斜飞湿寒兔"）、《雁门太守行》（"黑云压城城欲摧，甲光向日金鳞开"）、《致酒行》（"雄鸡一声天下白"）、《金铜仙人辞汉歌》（"天若有情天亦老"）等。补充知识：诗人称谓：诗仙-李白、诗圣-杜甫、诗骨-陈子昂、诗魔-白居易、诗佛-王维、诗豪-禹锡、诗鬼-李贺、诗杰-王勃、诗狂-贺知章。

[单选题]将猫、狗、鼠等概括为"动物"，这是( )。

概念学习

解析：概念是同类事物的共同关键特征或本质特征，是区分事物的关键。概念学习的实质就是掌握同类事物的共同关键特征。将猫、狗、鼠等概括为"动物"即为一种概念学习，故选择C。加涅根据层次，将学习分为八个阶段，信号学习、是刺激一一反应学习、连锁学习、言语联结学习、辨别学习、概念学习、原理（规则）学习、解决问题学习（高级规则）。A选项，信号学习是最低级层次的学习。B选项，辨别学习是指学习者对某一特别集合中的不同的成份作出不同的反应的学习。D选项，连锁学习是一种成系列的单个"S-R"的结合的学习。有些连锁学习是由肌肉反应组成的，而有些连锁学习完全是言语的。

[单选题]22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　For Chen Hua.28,an automobile engineer in Shanghai,reading out English text aloud aftertaking pronunciation lessons on a mobile app has become an evening routine.Chen might skip dinner,but wouldn't trade even one language class delivered by the app for anything. 　　Not having been using English much since leaving college,Chen feels the pressure to pickit up using spare time.The“pressure”arises from a constant fear of being left behind as English-proficient peers appear to get ahead.Academic circles refer to this as “middle-class anxiety”,whichis grasping some sections of China's population. 　　In a report released by leading online recruiter Zhaopin in January,one-fourth of surveyed white-collar workers said they feel more stressed than inspired,citing reasons from unstable paychecks to gloomy career prospects.Most important of all,many people worry that the worth and utility of their knowledge and qualifications could erode due to thriving technological progress,globalism and entrepreneurship. 　　“Intensified peer pressure,especially at workplaces,is one factor that fuels our business,”saidWang Yi,CEO of Liulishuo,an English-learning app that Chen uses every day.Wang,a Princeton computer science graduate and former product manager at Google InC.launched the app over fiveyears ago with the intention to disrupt China's hidebound brick-and-mortar language schools. 　　Liulishuo——it is Chinese for“speaking fluently”—brings social media and gaming elementsto the genre.Wang said that unlike pre-school or K12 education,the adult-learning market is characterized by an inherent desire for self-improvement.Students of online adult education coursesfeel the fee is money well spent. 　　To personalize offerings,liulishuo has introduced big data and algorithms to quantify multiple dimensions of speech,as well as automatically tailor courses so that the courses could walk a fineline between challenging the students and discouraging them to the extent that they quit learning. 　　Actually,this is not just confined to language courses.China's growing learners have shownthey will spend time on the right educational programs.

What was the purpose ofWang Yi launching liulishuo over five years ago?

To break China's old-fashioned way oflearning.

解析：细节题。文章第四段最后一句话“...launched the app over five years ago with theintention to disrupt China，s hidebound brick-and-mortar language schools”点明了“流利说”推出的原因——打破学习者在实体语言学校学习语言的固有模式。故本题选C。

[单选题]某中学规定，凡主动参加所在地区教研室组织的教研活动的教师，在职称晋升、评优评 　　先中予以优先考虑。该学校的做法( )。

不合法，违反了教师考核评价的客观公正原则

解析：《中华人民共和国教师法》第二十二条规定，"学校或者其他教育机构应当对教师的政治思想、业务水平、工作态度和工作成绩进行考核。教育行政部门对教师的考核工作进行指导、监督"。考点点拨：本题的迷惑项为C项，学校的做法确实有失公允，但要明确职称晋升与评优评先不属于教师的待遇问题，而是教师的考核问题。学校的做法属于没有按法律规定的内容，对教师进行客观公正的考核。