【名词&注释】
《理想国》、切身感受(firsthand taste)、《委曲求全》、东拉西扯、汉字的偏旁部首(chinese character components)、慷慨激昂(vehement)、教务主任(director of teaching affair)、清华大学图书馆(library expansion)、袁世凯称帝、中等水平(middle level)
[单选题]下列选项中,既是我国四大传统节日又是我国四大祭祖节日的是( )。
A. 春节
B. 重阳
C. 除夕
D. 清明
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学习资料:
[多选题]材料:
那一种遥远的幽默
本来曹禺从南开转学到清华,一半是冲着王文显。他早就听说,这位外国语文学系主任,对戏剧颇有研究。
但听课后,他竟有些失望。从头至尾,王文显都在念英文讲义,而且年年如此,从不增删。难怪教《近代诗歌》的温源宁教授说,那情形"好似一个长老会的牧师正在主持葬礼"。
即便在课下,他也枯燥无味。据说,学生登门拜访,大多是谈正事,说完便走,"没有人逗留,也没有人希望延长约会时间"。
他不苟言笑,瘦长白净的脸上,嘴角略微向下掀。1936年外国语文学会的合影里,他穿件深色的西服,搭配斜纹领带,背着手,和吴宓一左一右立在中央,满脸严肃。自1915年伦敦大学毕业,王文显便在清华教书,直至1937年学校南迁其间,他历任教务主任(director of teaching affair)、代理校长和外文系主任。不同于为人的刻板,他写出的剧本却别有一番幽殷,"没有丝毫沉闷无味之处"。
在暗讽袁世凯称帝的喜剧《梦里京华》中,他写下一幕大小老婆争当皇后的闹剧:"大太太喘气喘得活像夏天的狗。她旋转得眼花燎乱。姨太太一个箭步跳到她身后,伸手要抓她的头发。她没有抓住头发,仅仅撕下她的领子。"他的另一部英文喜剧《委曲求全》,写的则是教授勾心斗角的丑态。男主角是一位大学校长,一出场,便抱着哈巴狗,大言不惭地对下人说:"我要不耍一点儿手腕,你想我能维持五分钟之久吗?"这是这位代理校长的切身感受吗?人们不得而知。至少,在现实中不大看得出来。在会议上,他不慌不忙,不东拉西扯;做事方面,他一丝不苟,"各个方面无疵可求"。甚至,他永远一个样儿,抽烟斗,打网球,夏天穿短装,冬天换长袍。温源宁说他"像个固定的设备毫无改变",调侃他为清华的"不倒翁"和"定影液":"没有他,清华就不是清华;有了他,不管清华还会再有多少变革,也依旧是清华。"
与学生曹禺的悲剧不同,王文显的作品是喜剧,充满了潮讽,令人捧腹大笑后若有所思。《委曲求全》在耶鲁大学演出时,《波士顿报》一位记者评价:"柔和的、恶嘲的微笑……实在是中国人对于喜剧的一种贡献。""(他的作品)是那种坐在小剧场里,一边喝着咖啡和茶,一边细细品味的话剧。"中国艺术研究院话剧研究所副研究员张耀杰说。1990年,正读研究生的张耀杰在资料室无意中发现一本二三十年代的杂志上面布满灰尘,旧得"翻几下就会烂掉",其中介绍了王文显。不同于那个年代常有的慷慨激昂,他的剧作文字温文尔雅,很有情趣。"这种情趣充满了文人式幽默,没有火药味,温厚中带着一丝人文关怀。"张耀杰说,"我们现在很少还有这种幽默。"只是这种情趣"缺乏战斗性",这些文字也在以往的戏剧史研究中被忽略"。出版于上世纪80年代、被称为中国戏剧史权威著作的《中国现代戏剧史稿》一书,732页里对他的介绍只有薄薄4页。"剧中所表现的民主主义和爱国主义精神以及基于这种精神对当时中国黑暗现实的批判,是在历史上起了进步作用的。"书中写道。
清华大学图书馆(library expansion)东北角不远处,曾是王文显居住的北院往宅区。梁启超、朱自清等学者也一度在这里居住。而如今,这里则是一大片草坪,稀稀拉拉种着柳树和杨树,有学生在看书,也有老人推着童车,早已不复是"点点翠竹千般绿,几条小路尽文人"的景象了。
(摘编自《过去的那些人》)
问题:
(1)文章已有"《梦里京华》"一例,为何还要列举"《委曲求全》"?请简要分析。
(2)请根据文本,探析"没有他,清华就不是清华;有了他,不管清华还会再有多少变革,也依旧是清华"这句话的含义。
A. (1)增强说服力,进一步突出王文显剧作别有一番幽默,肯定他喜剧创作的能力和影响。引出下文对王文显任代理校长时行事风格的叙写,形成对比,以突出王文显治校的持重务实,一丝不苟。(2)表层方面:王文显身上体现了清华的特质与精神,在清华有着重要的地位。深层方面:严谨的治学精神和包容的治校理念,是清华的灵魂。坚守学术性和包容性,清华就不会因为任何变革而改变;反之,清华将不再是"清华"。
[单选题]不是凭借教授的知识,而是凭借提问,刺激对方思考,通过对方的思考亲自发现真理。提出这种教育方法的教育家是( )。
A. 孔子
B. 孟子
C. 苏格拉底
D. 柏拉图
[单选题]辨别汉字的偏旁部首结构,其知觉类型是( )。
A. 空间知觉
B. 时间知觉
C. 运动知觉
D. 错觉
[单选题]"课内打基础,课外出人才",反映课外活动能( )。
A. 进行书本系统知识的传授
B. 开发学生的潜在能力
C. 强化教师统一指导
D. 成为学校教学的主要形式
[单选题]22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1~5小题。
Passage 2
As regards social conventions,we must say a word about the well-known English class system.This is an embarrassing subject for English people,and one they tend to be ashamed of,though during the present century class-consciousness has grown less and less,and the class systemless rigiD.But it still exists below the surface.Broadly speaking,it means there are two classes,the“middle class”and the“working class”.(We shall ignore for a moment the old“upper class”,including the hereditary aristocracy,since it is extremely small in numbers;but some ofits membershave the right to sit in the House of lords,and some newspapers take surprising interest in theirprivate life.) The middle class consists chiefiy of well-to-do businessmen and professional people of all kinds.The working class consists chiefiy of manual and unskilled workers.
The most obvious difference between them is in their accent.Middle-class people use slightlyvarying kinds of“received pronunciation”which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils.Typical working-class people speak in many different local accentswhich are generally felt to be rather ugly and uneducateD.One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system.To have been to a so-called“public school”immediately marks you out as one ofthe middle class.The middle classes tend to live a more formallife than working-class people,and are usually more cultured.Their midday meal is“lunch”andthey have a rather formal evening meal called“dinner”,whereas the working man's dinner,if hisworking hours permit,is at midday,and his smaller,late-evening meal is called supper.
As we have said,however,the class system is much less rigid than it was,and for a longtime it has been government policy to reduce class distinctions.Working-class students very commonly receive a university education and enter the professions,and working-class incomeshave grown so much recently that the distinctions between the two classes are becoming less andless clear.However,regardless of one's social status,certain standards ofpoliteness are expected ofeverybody,and a well-bred person is polite to everyone he meets,and treats a laborer with the samerespect he gives an important businessman.Servility inspires both embarrassment and dislike.Eventhe word “sir”,except in school and in certain occupations (e.g.commerce,the army,etc.) soundstoo servile to be commonly used.
Which of the following is not true about the English class system?
A. It is an embarrassing subject for English people.
B. Working-class students cannot receive a university education.
C. The class system is much less rigid than it was.
D. The class system still exists below the surface.
[单选题]根据耶克斯-多德森定律,学生解决困难和复杂的任务时,哪种动机水平最有利?( )
A. 中等偏下水平
B. 中等水平(middle level)
C. 中等偏上水平
D. 高水平
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