目前各国都非常重视教育对经济的作用，因此提出了教育先行"的理

【名词&注释】

莎士比亚(shakespeare)、自我实现(self-realization)、陈述性知识(declarative knowledge)、《威尼斯商人》(the merchant of venice)、《变色龙》、《死魂灵》、主人翁精神(sense of being master)、每一个学生、《守财奴》、契诃夫作品(chekhov ' s works)

[单选题]目前各国都非常重视教育对经济的作用，因此提出了教育先行"的理念。下列关于"教育先行"说法正确的是( )。

A. 教育是进行物质生产的必要条件
B. 教育投资的比例和数额越多越好
C. 教育一定可以带来经济效益
D. 教育从属于生产力

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学习资料：

[单选题]欧洲文学长廊中的四个经典人物形象，以吝啬而闻名，下列作品中不属于四大吝啬鬼登场作品的是( )。

A. 《威尼斯商人》
B. 《变色龙》
C. 《死魂灵》
D. 《悭吝人》

[单选题]( )既是教学的起点，也是教学的归宿。

A. 教学重点
B. 教学设计
C. 教学进程
D. 教学目标

[单选题]由于表述反映活动的形式不同，知识可以分为陈述性知识与( )。

A. 程序性知识
B. 实用性知识
C. 直观的知识
D. 可应用的知识

[单选题]前摄抑制是指后学习的材料对保持和回忆先学习材料的干扰作用。( )A.正确B.错误

A. B

[多选题]马斯洛认为人有7种基本需要，分别为生理需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要、求知的需要、审美的需要和自我实现的需要。( )A.正确B.错误

A. A。美国人本主义心理学家马斯洛提出了一种需要层次理论。马斯洛认为，人的需要有七个层次.即生理需要、安全需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重需要、认知需要、审美的需要、自我实现需要。

[单选题]适当增加"小干部"岗位，适当进行"小干部"轮换，按民主程序选择班级干部的做法，目的是( )。

A. 把班集体作为教师权威和意志的再现
B. 确保班级教与学不受干扰
C. 把班集体作为学生自我教育的主体
D. 确保教师对班级预先期望能达到

[单选题]Passage 2 　　Teacher education provided by U. S.colleges and universities has been routinely criticized since its inception in the earlynineteenth century, sometimes deservedly.These programs, like non-university programs,are uneven in quality and can be improved.What makes today's criticisms different is an aggressive effort by advocacy groups, andself-proclaimed educational entrepreneurs to deregulate the preparation of teachers, and to expand independent, alternative routes intoteaching. 　　This effort to “disrupt” the field of teacherpreparation in the United States has gained considerable momentum and legitimacy,with venture capitalists, philanthropy, and theU. S Department of Education all providingsponsorship and substantial funding. 　　The strength of this effort is that the UnitedStates may quickly seek to dismantle itsuniversity system and replace much of it withindependent, private programs. The resultingsystem of teacher preparation may differ dramatically in its governance, structure,content, and processes moving away fromits current location alongside legal, medical,and other professional preparation thatpairs academic degrees with professionaltraining. 　　Throughout the nation, states are reportingteacher shortages in particular subject areas and geographical locations, and several stateshave either passed legislation to lower thestandards for becoming a teacher or, like thestate of Washington, have looked towards expanding the number of teacher educationproviders to try to fill teaching vacancies.The federal government has contributed tothe push to lower standards for becoming a teacher with the Teacher Preparation Academy provision in the new K-12 educationlaw, the Every Students Succeeds Act, which encourages states to expand the number ofindependent programs not associated with colleges and universities. 　　Because of the increasing tuition rates, a consequence in part, of cuts in funding topublic universities that continue to educatemost U. S. teachers, enrollments in college and university teacher education programshave declined in many parts of the country.Independent teacher education programs are being viewed by some as an importantpart of the solution in staffing the nation's classrooms and addressing our serious and enduring problems in education inequities.Additionally, advocacy groups, philanthropists,and so-called education entrepreneurs are working aggressively to expandthese independent alternative routes into teaching. 　　Given the seriousness of the teachershortage problem in the United States andthe substantial media attention that has been given to independent teacher educationprograms as the solution to teacher shortages and education inequities, policy makersshould very carefully examine the evidencethat exists about the nature and impact ofthese relatively new programs that are rapidly expanding while university teacher education enrollments decline.

What measures have been taken by somestates to deal with their teacher shortages?

A. To increase the number of qualifiedteachers
B. To increase funds for teacher education programs
C. To expand non-university teacher education programs
D. To establish the baseline of teacher education programs

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