2022考研模拟考试库202

1. [单选题]最早明确规定在少数民族聚居区实行民族区域自治制度的法律文件是

A. 《中华人民共和国宪法》
B. 《中华人民共和国民族区域自治实施纲要》
C. 《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》
D. 《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》

2. [单选题]文化强则中国强。建设社会主义文化强国是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求，其关键是

A. 增强全民族文化创造活力
B. 发展新型文化业态
C. 提高全民族思想道德素质和科学文化素质
D. 提升国家文化软实力

3. [多选题]“一个中心、两个基本点”是基本路线最主要的内容，是实现社会主义现代化奋斗目标的基本途径。以下对其内容概括正确的有

A. “以经济建设为中心，，回答了社会主义的根本任务问题，体现了解救生产力的本质要求
B. “坚持四项基本原则’’回答了解放和发展生产力的政治保证问题，体现了社会主义基本制度的要求
C. “坚持改革开放”回答了社会主义的发展动力和外部条件问题，体现了发展生产力的本质要求
D. “一个中心、两个基本点，，是一个整体，揭示了中国特色往会主义的客观规律和发展道路

4. [多选题]应中国总理李克强的邀请，俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫、印度总理辛格和蒙古国总理阿勒坦呼亚格于2013年10月22日开始分别对中国进行正式访问。来自中国三个陆上邻国的领导人，在同一天开启中国之行，这样密集的双边访问在中国外交史上实属罕见。这一外交动向

A. 体现了中国经济发展的吸引力
B. 深化了中国与俄印蒙三国间的盟友关系
C. 反映了中国周边外交行动的延续和加速
D. 顺应了互利共赢的时代潮流

5. [多选题]资本在资本主义生产过程中采取生产资料和劳动力两种形态，根据这两部分资本在剩余价值生产中所起的不同作用，可以将资本区分为不变资本与可变资本。划分不变资本和可变资本的意义有

A. 进一步提示了工人的剩余劳动乃是剩余价值的唯一源泉
B. 有利于准确地说明资本家对工人的剥削程度
C. 说明生产资本的不同部分对于资本周转速度的影响
D. 进而能够说明对剩余价值生产的影响

6. [单选题]The critics think that the new awards will most benefit

A. the profit-oriented scientists.
B. the founders of the new awards.
C. the achievement-based system.
D. peer-review-led research.

7. [单选题]正确答案是_______.

A. B

8. [单选题]请在第__5__处填上正确答案。

A. wellbeing
B. environment
C. relationship
D. outlook

9. [单选题]It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial .Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

A. violated the Constitution.
B. undermined the states’ interests.
C. supported the federal statute.
D. stood in favor of the states.

10. [单选题]What is the subject of the text?

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

A. Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
B. Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
C. Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
D. Exposure of a mass-market secret.

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