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请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。   Passage 1   In the fiel

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  • [单选题]请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。   Passage 1   In the field of psychology,there has long been a certain haziness surrounding the definition of creativity,an I-know-it-when-I-see-it attitude that has eluded a precise formulation.During our conversation,Mark Beeman,a cognitive neuroscientist at Northwestern University,told me that he used to be reluctant to tell people what his area of study was,for fear of being dismissed or misunderstood.What,for instance,crosses your mind when you think of creativity? Well,we know that someone is creative if he produces new things or has new ideas.And yet,as John Kounios,a psychologist at Drexel University who collaborates frequently with Beeman,points out,that view is wrong,or at least not entirely right."Creativity is the process,not the product," he says.   To illustrate,Beeman offers an example.Imagine someone who has never used or seen a paperclip and is struggling to keep a bunch ofpapers together.Then the person comes up with a new way of bending a stiff wire to hold the papers in place. "That was very creative," Beeman says.On the flip side,if someone works in a new field-Beeman gives the example of nanotechnology-anything that he produces may be considered inherently "creative".But was the act of producing it actually creative? As Beeman put it,"Not all artists are creative.And some accountants are very creative."   Insight,however,has proved less difficult to define and to study.Because it arrives at a specific moment in time,you can isolate it,examine it,and analyze its characteristics."Insight is only one part of creativity," Beeman says."But we can measure it.We have a temporal marker that something just happened in the brain.I'd never say that's all of creativity,but it's a central, identifiable component." When scientists examine insight in the lab.they are looking at what types of attention and thought processes lead to that moment of synthesis: If you are trying to facilitate   a breakthrough,are there methods you can use that help? If you feel stuck on a problem,are there tricks to get you through?   In a recent study,Beeman and Kounios followed people's gazes as they attempted to solve what's called the remote-associates test,in which the subject is given a series of words,like "pine" "crab" and "sauce" and has to think of a single word that can logically be paired with all of them.They wanted to see if the direction of a person's eyes and her rate ofblinking could shed light on her approach and on her likelihood of success.It turned out that if the subject looked directly at a word and focused on it-that is,blinked less frequently,signaling a higher degree of close attention-she was more likely to be thinking in an analytical,convergent fashion,going through possibilities that made sense and systematically discarding those that didn't.If she looked at "pine" say,she might.be thinking of words like "tree" "cone" and "needle" ,then testing each option to see if it fit with the other words.When the subject stopped looking at any specific worD.either by moving her eyes or by blinking,she was more likely to think of broader,more abstract associations.That is a more insight-oriented approach."You need to learn not just to stare but to look outside your focus," Beeman says.(The solution to this remote-associates test: "apple" .)   As it turns out,by simple following someone's eyes and measuring her blinks and fixation times,Beeman's group can predict how someone will likely solve a problem and when she is nearing that solution.That's an important consideration for would-be creative minds: it helps us understand how distinct patterns of attention may contribute to certain kinds ofinsights.

  • Based on the experiment,which of the following may signal that the subject is nearing the solution?

  • A. The subject is begging to work.
    B. The subject looks away at something else.
    C. The subject is distracted from the given words.
    D. The subject concentrates on the given words all the time.

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  • [单选题] There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds. The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conveniences, the well-prepared dishes, the goodness of wines, the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be critical. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it are convmced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequency puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their misconduct. These people should change this bad habit and condescend to be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them. Otherwise it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
  • In the third paragraph the writer states that ________.

  • A. unhappy people always put themselves at rather unfavorable positions
    B. unhappy people can be suitable to be leaders
    C. unhappy people are always easy to become successful
    D. unhappy people do not like to be mixed up with other people

  • [单选题]明确提出"使人类教育心理学化"的口号,为近代教育学的创立做出贡献的是( )。
  • A. 康德
    B. 裴斯泰洛齐
    C. 洛克
    D. 夸美纽斯

  • [单选题]在Word中,不能操作实现的是( )。
  • A. 在页眉中插入日期
    B. 建立奇偶内容不同的页眉
    C. 在页眉中插入分页符
    D. 在页眉中插入剪贴画

  • [单选题]班主任在组织开展班级活动时,应该注意的问题不包括( )。
  • A. 充分发挥学生的主动性
    B. 注意扬长避短
    C. 培养学生的能力
    D. 规定每个同学必须参与

  • [单选题]认知结构是指( )。
  • A. 学科的知识结构
    B. 学科知识发展的顺序
    C. 教材编排的结构
    D. 个人已有知识的内容和组织

  • [单选题]( )是指教师开学前对所任教课程作出一个学期的全面计划和通盘安排,是完成一个学期教学目标所确定的工作范围和教学进度的实施方案。
  • A. 学校教学计划
    B. 单元教学进度计划
    C. 课时计划
    D. 学期教学进度计划

  • [单选题]下列表述中,不能体现环境对人身心发展的影响的是( )。
  • A. "近朱者赤,近墨者黑"
    B. "蓬生麻中,不扶自直"
    C. "孟母三迁"
    D. "龙生龙凤生凤,老鼠的儿子会打洞"

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