周老师入职以来，积极参加市里和学校组织的各种教研及培训活动，

【名词&注释】

抑制作用(inhibition)、教学管理(teaching management)、学科前沿(subject frontier)、发展过程、短时记忆(short-term memory)、勇于探索创新(be brave in exploring and innovating)、更新知识结构(improve knowledge structure)、积极参加、学习新知识(learn new knowledge)、不断提高(constant improvement)

[单选题]周老师入职以来，积极参加市里和学校组织的各种教研及培训活动，跟踪学科前沿发展动态，学习新知识^{(learn new knowledge)}新方法，不断更新知识结构^{(improve knowledge structure)}，这表明周老师具有( )。

A. 尊重学生的理念
B. 终身学习的意识
C. 教学管理的能力
D. 课程开发的能力

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学习资料：

[单选题]"动物尤其是略微高等的动物，完全同人一样，生来就有一种由遗传而得到的潜在的教育，其效果见诸于个体的发展过程。"这句话是说教育的产生与( )相关。

A. 心理起源论
B. 劳动起源论
C. 生物起源论
D. 混合起源论

[单选题]一个较大的学习内容，首尾部分记忆效果好，中间部分遗忘较多，这是受下列哪种因素的干扰？( )

A. 消退和干扰抑制
B. 倒摄和干扰抑制
C. 前摄和消退抑制
D. 前摄和倒摄抑制

[单选题]Passage 1 　　In recent years, however, society has cometo understand the limitations of schoolsthat merely sort and rank students. We have discovered that students in the bottomone-third to one-half of the rank order-plus all who drop out before being ranked--fail to develop the foundational reading,writing, and mathematical proficiencies needed to survivein, let alone contribute to, an increasingly technically complex and ethnically diverse culture. So today, in asking schools toleave no child behind, society is asking that educators raise up the bottom of therank-order distribution to a specified level of competence. We call those expectations our academic achievement standards Every statehas them, and, as a matter of public policy,schools are to be held accountable for lakingsure that all students meet them. 　　To be clear, the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.For the foreseeable future, students will still be ranked at the end of high school. However,society now dictates that such a celebration of differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimum level of achievement for all. 　　The implications of this change in missionfor the role of assessment are profound. 　　Assessment and grading procedures designecto permit only a few students to succeed(those at the top of the rank-order distribution)must now be revised to permit the possibilitythat all students could succeed at some appropriate level. Furthermore, proceduresthat permitted(perhaps even encouraged)some students to give up in hopelessness andto stop trying must now be replaced by othersthat promote hope and continuous effort.In short, the entire emotional environment surrounding the prospect of being evaluated must change, especially for perennial low achievers. 　　The students' mission is no longer merelyto beat other students in the achievementrace. At least part of their goal must be to become competent. Teachers must believethat all students can achieve a certain levelof academic success, must bring all of theirstudents to believe this of themselves, must accommodate the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiat edinstruction, and must guide all studentstoward the attainment of standards.The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success. Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperation and collaboration must come intoplay. 　　The driving forces must be confidence,optimism, and persistence--for all, not justfor some. All students must come to believethat they can succeed at learning if theytry. They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success, however small. This new understanding has spawned increased interest in formative assessment in recent years.

Which is meant by the author about the emotional promise of assessment forstudents?

A. To reach a minimum level of achievement
B. To build up their confidence insuccess
C. To enable them to compete withothers
D. To help them realize their goals

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