常言道："数子十过，莫如奖子长。"这句话启示我们，教育应该坚持

【名词&注释】

机会均等(equal opportunity)、京杭大运河(beijing-hangzhou grand canal)、内在联系(internal relations)、责任感和使命感、过渡阶段、诺贝尔生理学或医学奖(nobel prize in physiology or medicine)、做到因材施教、说服教育(persuasive education)、教育与生产劳动相结合(combination of education with productiv ...)、各种形式(various forms)

[单选题]常言道："数子十过，莫如奖子长。"这句话启示我们，教育应该坚持( )。

A. 以情感体验为主
B. 以说服教育^{(persuasive education)}为主
C. 以实践锻炼为主
D. 以表扬激励为主

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学习资料：

[多选题]阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。 　　星云大师为弘扬佛法，发愿建一座佛光山寺。可过程却十分艰难，寺庙的周围荆棘丛生，难以选址修建不说，为了给弟子们化缘，他还常常需要长途跋涉。一日，天降大雨，山路湿滑，星云大师不小心摔下山谷。弟子们找到他时，看到他身上的累累伤痕，痛心不已。星云大师却微笑着说："我自幼出家做和尚，完全是自愿的。生活很艰辛，只要你不忘记最初为什么开始，就心甘情愿。不忘初心，就是力量。" 　　综合上述材料所引发的思考和感悟，写一篇不少于800字的论说文。 　　要求： 　　用规范的现代汉语写作；角度自选，立意自定，标题自拟。

A. 【参考范文】参考范文：不忘初心，方得始终 一一我看初心 初心者，一人起初所怀之至诚至纯之心也。在当下这个物欲横流的时代，有多少人尚不忘初心？更多者恐怕是忘却初心，不是失魂落魄，惶惶不可终日，便是如小丑一般追名逐利，违心奉承。 唯有不忘初心，追逐人生理想的脚步方才不会偏移。而一旦丧失初心，后果便不堪设想。一代名相李斯，年少时师从荀子，欲求治国之学，以佐君主行仁政，富国民。然李斯却逆探主上之心，改以因袭商君苛法，以愚民为上，尽舍其师苟卿之学，而忘求学之本心。虽李斯后来登上丞相之位，然最终致使天下大乱，秦国灭亡。其本人也以腰斩之刑落了个悲惨结局。初心一失，便迷失了方向，路再笔直，人也会跌落山崖。 初心不只会助我们坚定方向，也会为我们带来无限动力。读读张载的"为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平"，这是多么有震撼力的心声啊，他从一位爱国知识分子的内心深处喊出，引领着一代代的文人志士投身于伟大的事业中去。以此为初心，顿觉浑身正气，精神爽朗。 宰相张居正走在田间阡陌时看到了民生之艰，彼时他立下初心："愿以深心奉尘刹，不予自身求利益。"遂痛下决心，厉行变法，改变民生，振兴九州。虽然变法一事，阻挠重重，但那初心始愿，如同一柄冲破险阻的长矛，更坚定了他必胜的决心。他以惊人的毅力在非议声中，清丈田地，行考成法，一改弊端，终使大明中兴。当我把这些故事串联在一起，我突然发现，华夏上下五千年，岂不正是一段不忘初心的民族史？我随时光眺望，从先秦父子李冰，不畏艰难险阻修筑都江堰，到隋朝倾尽国力打造京杭大运河，再到清未曾国藩的洋务运动，实业救国。我们这个民族之所以没有在历史长河中湮灭，之所以长久地屹立在世界民族之林而不倒，难道不正是这个民族一直秉持着"国家兴亡，匹夫有责"的初心始愿吗？ 今日之中国，我看到更多的人拾起初心，将一己私利弃于路边，怀揣强烈的责任感和使命感毅然上路。从北京奥运会的成功举办，照耀东方；到屠呦呦获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，振奋国人；再到十九大胜利召开，展望复兴，这个伟大的民族亦正昂首阔步，向着伟大的中国梦砥砺前行。 初心，犹如漆黑洞穴里燃烧的火把，予一人，予一民族，予一社会以光明方向，以温暖动力。那就让我们高举这火把，勇往直前，再创辉煌吧！

[单选题]马克思认为造就全面发展的人的唯一方法是( )。

A. 理论联系实际
B. 做到因材施教
C. 实现教育机会均等
D. 教育与生产劳动相结合^{(combination of education with productiv)}

[单选题]在教学过程中，采用各种形式^{(various forms)}使教育系统中各要素，各成分之间形成有机联系的课程形态是( )。

A. 校本课程
B. 综合课程
C. 分科课程
D. 必修课程

[单选题]下列选项中，属于内部动机的是( )。

A. 认知内驱力
B. 自我提高内驱力
C. 附属内驱力
D. 亲和内驱力

[单选题]下列学习策略中，不属于资源管理策略的是( )。

A. 时间管理策略
B. 调节策略
C. 资源利用策略
D. 环境管理策略

[单选题]If a teacher tells the students that the word "dog" may imply "loyalty", he/she is teaching the _____ of the mood.

A. denotative meaning
B. collocative meaning
C. conceptual meaning
D. connotative meaning

[单选题]In order to enhance the ability of students' oral English, a teacher shows their students some movies in the class. This is a principle of ________.

A. combining listening and speaking
B. balance of accuracy and fluency
C. building up confidence
D. contextualized practice

[单选题] There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physieally and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable "to work hard and play hard" and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon:"The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America's competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down (折磨) sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache."

The reason why some people don't socialize with their co-workers on the job is that ________.

A. they consider work and play separate activities
B. they have nothing in common with their fellow workers
C. they feel that socializing with them well create problems at home
D. they feel that socializing with them may result in emotional problems

[单选题]在一次心理学知识测试中，关于短时记忆的容量单位，学生们的答案涉及下列四种，其中正确的是( )。

A. 比特
B. 组块
C. 字节
D. 词组

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