家长陈女士的女儿今年刚上初中一年级，她听说女儿班上的同学家长

【名词&注释】

以人为本(human-oriented)、奉献精神(spirit of devotion)、元认知策略(meta-cognitive strategies)、形象思维(thinking in images)、人的全面发展(all-round development of people)、高尚情操(lofty sentiment)、爱岗敬业(cherishing the job devotionally)、核心内容(core content)、不良风气(unhealthy ways and customs)、《中小学教师职业道德规范》

[单选题]家长陈女士的女儿今年刚上初中一年级，她听说女儿班上的同学家长大都是有关系的，如果不送礼，怕老师会不重视孩子。在送礼的情况，老师难免会对相关的学生多些"关照"。老师这样的行为违背了()的职业道德规范。

A. 依法执教
B. 爱岗敬业^{(cherishing the job devotionally)}
C. 廉洁从教
D. 热爱学生

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学习资料：

[单选题]当前我国教育目的的核心内容^{(core content)}是( )。

A. 教育以人为本
B. 培养全面发展的人
C. 教育要五育并举
D. 为社会主义现代化建设服务

[单选题]孙老师受校长委托，对本校的1000余名学生进行幸福感方面的研究。最适合孙老师的研究方法是( )。

A. 教育实验法
B. 教育行动研究法
C. 教育调查法
D. 访谈法

[单选题]幼儿园儿童做加减法时会用数手指的方式帮助自己，这种思维类型是( )。

A. 形象思维
B. 分析思维
C. 直观动作思维
D. 直观思维

[单选题]请阅读Passage 2，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　Several research teams have found that newborns prefer their mothers' voices over those of other people.Now a team of scientists has gone an intriguing step further: they have found that newborns cry in their native language."We have provided evidence that language begins with the very first cry melodies," says Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wurzburg,Germany,who led the research. 　　"The dramatic finding of this study is that not only are newborns capable of producing different cry melodies,but they prefer to produce those melody patterns that are typical for the ambient language they have heard during their fetal life,within the last trimester," said Wermke."Contrary to orthodox interpretations,these data support the importance of human infants' crying for seeding language development." 　　It had been thought that babies' cries are constrained by their breathing patterns and respiratory apparatus,in which case a crying baby would sound like a crying baby no matter what the culture is,since babies are anatomically identical."The prevailing opinion used to be that newborns could not actively influence their production of sound." says Wermke.This study refutes that claim: since babies cry in different languages,they must have some control (presumably unconscious) over what they sound like rather than being constrained by the acoustical properties of their lungs,throat,mouth,and larynx.If respiration alone dictated what a cry sounded like,all babies would cry with a falling-pitch pattern,since that's what happens as you run out of breath and air pressure on the throat's sound-making machinery decreases.French babies apparently didn't get that memo."German and French infants produce different types of cries,even though they share the same physiology," the scientists point out."The French newborns produce 'nonphysiological' rising patterns," showing that the sound of their cries is under their control. 　　Although phonemes—speech sounds such as "ki" or "sh"—don't cross the abdominal barrier and reach the fetus,so-called prosodic characteristics of speech do.These are the variations in pitch,rhythm,and intensity that characterize each language.Just as newboms remember and prefer actual songs that they heard in utero,it seems,so they remember and prefer both the sound of Mom's voice and the melodic signature of her language. 　　The idea of the study wasn't to make the sound of a screaming baby more interesting to listeners-good luck with that-but to explore how babies acquire speech.That acquisition,it is now clear,begins months before birth,probably in the third trimester.Newborns "not only have memorized the main intonation pattems of their respective surrounding language but are also able to reproduce these pattems in their own　［sound］　production," conclude the scientists.Newborns' "cries are already tuned toward their native language" ,giving them a head start on sounding French or German (or,presumably,English or American or Chinese or anything else: the scientists are collecting cries from more languages).This is likely part of the explanation for how babies develop spoken language quickly and seemingly without effort.Sure,we may come into the world wired for language (thank you,Noam Chomsky),but we also benefit from the environmental exposure that tells us which language. 　　Until this study,scientists thought that babies became capable of vocal imitation no earlier than 12 weeks of age.That's when infants listening to an adult speaker producing vowels can parrot the sound.But that's the beginning of true speech.It's sort of amazing that it took this long for scientists to realize that if they want to see what sounds babies can perceive,remember,and play back,they should look at the sound babies produce best.So let the little angel cry: she's practicing to acquire language.

When does language acquisition begin according to the research?

A. It begins with the birth of a baby.
B. It begins before the birth of a baby.
C. It begins when a baby starts imitating adults' speech.
D. It begins with a baby's cry melodies typical of its mother tongue.

[单选题]If a teacher asks students to make their own learning plan,he/she is trying to develop their_________.

A. cognitive strategy
B. affective strategy
C. communicative strategy
D. metacognitive strategy

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