某单位共有20名工作人员。①有人是本科学历；②单位的负责人不是本

【名词&注释】

封建社会(feudal society)、复习方法(review method)、教育与生产劳动(education and productive labor)、语义编码(semantic encoding)、原始社会(primitive society)、客观事物(objective things)、遗忘曲线规律、印象形成(impression formation)、下反对关系(lower opposition relation)、权威人士(authoritative sources)

[单选题]某单位共有20名工作人员。①有人是本科学历；②单位的负责人不是本科学历；③有人不是本科学历。上述三个判断中只有一个是真的。以下哪项正确表示了该单位具有本科学历的工作人员的人数( )。

A. 20个人都是本科学历
B. 只有1个人是本科学历
C. 20个人都不是本科学历
D. 只有1个人不是本科学历

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学习资料：

[单选题]学校教育与生产劳动相脱离始于( )。

A. 原始社会
B. 奴隶社会
C. 封建社会
D. 资本主义社会

[多选题]心理学实验和相关研究证明，对理解的知识有复习的学生较无复习的学生保持效果好。如果没有对所学内容进行巩固复习，则保持的较少，遗忘的较多。即使只有一次复习，其保持的效果也会提高。复习是防止知识遗忘、巩固知识的基本途径，是提高知识保持效果的重要条件。但复习并不等于机械重复，保持的效果也不取决于复习次数的多少或所花费时间的长短，而取决于复习活动的合理组织。为了促进知识的保持，避免知识的遗忘，必须注意合理地组织复习。那么，如何根据遗忘规律，正确地组织复习以促进知识的保持呢？

A. 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线规律告诉我们，遗忘的进程不是均衡的，遗忘的速度是先快后慢的。影响遗忘的因素是多方面的，识记材料的性质，识记材料的位置，识记材料的数量，学习程度的多少，识记者对材料的需要兴趣以及识记的方法等。因此，运用遗忘规律，正确的组织复习促进知识的保持，可以从以下几方面着手：(1)明确记忆目的，增强学习的主动性。有目的才会有动力，才会有责任感和主动性。(2)理解材料的意义，少用机械记忆。研究表明，意义记忆的材料保持时间长，利用提取快，受干扰少。(3)对材料进行精细加工，促进深度理解。即理解材料的意义，对材料进行分析，把它的观点、论据以及逻辑标示出来，然后概括并确切地叙述出来。精加工的材料组织得好，提取的线索多，利用也更容易。(4)运用组块化策略，合理组织材料。利用组块化就记得牢，有系统。(5)运用多重编码方式，提高加工质量。对信息进行转换，使之适合于记忆储存，研究表明有语义编码又有形象编码的材料易记忆。(6)注重复习方法，防止知识遗忘。防止遗忘的方法有：①及时复习，经常复习。这是根据艾宾浩斯遗忘的规律来进行的复习。②合理分配时间。③做到分散复习与集中复习相结合。④反复阅读与试图回忆相结合。⑤复习方法要多样化。⑥运用多种感官参与复习。

[单选题]来自于个体亲身体验的知识是( )。

A. 直接知识
B. 感性知识
C. 间接知识
D. 理性知识

[单选题]动作技能是一种借助于内部语言在人脑中进行的认识活动方式，如游泳、打球和书法等。( )A.正确B.错误

A. B

[单选题]小明期中考试不理想，父母答应如果期末考试能考好，就给他买电脑，于是小明刻苦地学习，期末考试时取得了优异的成绩。从学习动机理论来看，这属于( )。

A. 直接近景性动机
B. 直接远景性动机
C. 间接近景性动机
D. 间接远景性动机

[单选题]容易受到环境因素影响的认知风格是( )。

A. 场依存型
B. 场独立型
C. 沉思型
D. 冲动型

[单选题]以小人之心度君子之腹说的是印象形成^{(impression formation)}效应中( )。

A. 投射效应
B. 晕轮效应
C. 首因效应
D. 近因效应

[单选题]The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagorasis best known today for his mathematicaltheorem, which haunts the dreams ofmany geometry students, but for centurieshe was also celebrated as the father ofvegetarianism. A meatless diet was referred to as a “Pythagorean diet” for years, up until themodern vegetarian movement began in themid-1800s. 　　While Pythagoras was an early proponent of ameatless diet, humans have been vegetarianssince well before recorded history. Most anthropologists agree that early humanswould have eaten a predominantly plant-based diet; after all, plants can't run away.Additionally, our digestive systems resemblethose of herbivores closer than carnivorous animals. Prehistoric man ate meat, of course,but plants formed the basis of his diet. 　　Pythagoras and his many followers practicedvegetarianism for several reasons, mainly dueto religious and ethical objections. Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls. Animalswere no exception, so meat and fish were banished from his table. Strangely enough, he also banished a vegetable that has a place ofhonor on most vegetarian menus today, thehumble bean. His followers were forbidden to eat or even touch beans, because he thought beans and humans were created from thesame material. Fava beans were especially bad, as they have hollow steams that could allow the souls of the dead to travel up fromthe soil into the growing beans. 　　While the edict against beans was liftednot long after Pythagoras' death, hisfollowers continued to eat a meatless diet.His principles influenced generations of academics and religious thinkers, and it was a group of these like-minded individuals whofounded the Vegetarian Society in English inthe mid-1800s. The virtues of temperance,abstinence and self-control were all tied tovegetarian ideals, while lust, drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too rich in meat products. Notable earlyvegetarians included Leo Tolstoy, George Bernard Shaw, Mahatma Gandhi and American Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist teacher,reformer and the father of “Little Women”author Louisa May Alcott. 　　It wasn't until the 1960s that vegetarianismmoved into mainstream American life and themovement's growth picked up speed in the 1970s when a young graduate student namedFrancis Moore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet. In it, she advocated ameatless diet not for ethical or moral reasons,but because plant-based foods have muchless impact on the environment than meat does. Today, many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues, or concernsover animal treatment, a principle first espoused in Peter Singer's 1975 work AnimalLiberation.

Which of the following might be the besttitle for the passage?

A. The History of Vegetarianism
B. The Father of vegetarianism
C. The Advocates of vegetarianism
D. The benefits of Vegetarianism

[单选题]The situational approach is a grammar-based language teaching method which focuseson________.

A. grammar and vocabularies
B. oral language and sentence patterns
C. speaking and listening
D. pronunciation and speaking

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