职称英语2022相关专业每日一练(09月14日)

1. [单选题]It call be inferred from the text that__________．

阅读材料，回答下面的题目。The Diminishing Scientific Leadership of the U, S.With the rapid globalization of science itself ( more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin ) , the once undisputed U.S.scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing. The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S.graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S.students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S.students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition ( whether imported or available through better communication ) , also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students. With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process the speculative boom of the 1990s( which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly ) was largely unexpected.The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while,the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path will likely revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish in a healthy way, the more traditional ( and more independent ) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software are development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S.customer.Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away.The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into even more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.

A. scientists rarely expect to make money from their discoveries in basic science
B. it will be much easier to conveg scientific findings into cash in the near future
C. the boom of the l990s could be considered somewhat unhealthy
D. the boom of the l990s willlast at least for several decades

2. [单选题]请在第__(65)__处填上正确答案。

根据材料，完成下面的题目。Public Relations Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases,designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, usually in the51of press releases or press conferences. Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually.52outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. Thisorganizational placement can be a 53 because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in line with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination can be the54. Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence55 the public image, this influence generally maybe less than 56 provided by the other components of the public image mix. Publicity nay be in the form of news releases that have57overtones for the company initiate by the public relations department. Publicity on the other 58 should not be divorced from the marketing department,as it can 59 a useful adjunct( 辅助 ) to the regular advertising. 60 , not all publicity is initiated by the firm; some can 61from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of 62that are controversial or even downright ill-advertised.The 63we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding( 自欺 ) itself if it thinks its public relations function,whether within the company or an outside firm, can take 64 of public image and opportunities. Many of these have to do with the way the 65 does business, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, etc.请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。

A. manager 
B. public
C. department 
D. firm

3. [单选题]doing

回答下面的题目：Traffic in Uur CitiesTile volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continuesto expand．This causes many problems，including serious air pollution，lengthydelays，and the greater risk__________ (51)accidents．Clearly，something must be done，but it is often difficult to persuade people to__________ (52)theirhabits and leave their cars at home．One possible__________ (53)is to make it more expensive for peopleto use their cars by__________ (54)charges for parking and__________ (55)tougherfines for anyone who__________ (56)the law．In addition，drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes atdifferent times of the day．This system，__________ (57)as“road pricin9”，is alreadybeing introduced in a__________ (58)of cities，using aspecial electronic card__________ (59)to the windscreen of the car．Another way of__________ (60)with the problem is to provide cheapparking on the__________ (61)of the city，and strictly control the number ofvehicles allowed into the centre．Drivers and their passengersthen use a special bus__________ (62)for the final stage of their journey,Ofcourse．the most important__________ (63)is to providegood public transport．However，toget people to__________ (64)the comfort of their cars，publictransport must be felt to be reliable，convenient andcomfortable，with fares__________ (65)at an acceptablelevel．

A. handling
B. solving
C. dealing

4. [单选题]第62题应选：

回答下面的题目：UndergrOund Coal Fires Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large scale 51 blazes ( 火焰 ) cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can 52 ignite ( 点燃) forest fires, a group of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting 53 of poisonous elements like mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned."Coal fires are a global disaster," said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia Collage in Swainsboro, USA. But 54 few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to 55 and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous ( 自发的 ) catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. 56 fires in China consume up to 200 million tons of coal per year, delegates were told. In 57 , the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, 58 analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Joomal of Acoal Ecology.. 59 underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large 60 of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the 61 these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to 62Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to 63 how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting ( 释放 ). One suggested 64 of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout ( 灌浆 ), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to 65 the oxygen supply.第51题应选：

A. develop
B. relieve
C. detect
D. supply

5. [单选题]Paragraph 5_____

回答下面的题目：Screen TestEvery year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer．If this happens early ecough, the disease can often be treated successfully．According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes．Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer．Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics．After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal．The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led, to a lower figure of 20 cancers.The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated．The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation．The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks.” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB．But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution．“On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life．That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”Paragraph 2_____

A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
B. Investigating the Effect of Screening
C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
E. Treatment of Cancers
F. Factors That Trigger Cancers

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