【名词&注释】
相似性(similarity)、核心家庭(nuclear family)、讲故事(storytelling)
[单选题]Paragraph 5_____
回答下面的题目：Screen TestEvery year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer．If this happens early ecough, the disease can often be treated successfully．According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes．Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer．Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics．After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal．The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led, to a lower figure of 20 cancers.The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated．The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation．The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks.” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB．But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution．“On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life．That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”Paragraph 2_____
A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
B. Investigating the Effect of Screening
C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
E. Treatment of Cancers
F. Factors That Trigger Cancers
根据以下材料，回答下面的题目。The FamiIvThe structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society.The family’S form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.Until recently.the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children.The nuclear family is an independent unit.It must be prepared to fend for itself.Individual family members strongly depend on one another.There is little help from outside the family in emergencies.Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so.In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family;thev live in retirement communities and nursing homes.There are many parallels between the nuclear family in industrial societies.such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits，who live in harsh environments.The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility.In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food.For North Americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time，the mall nuclear family was usually part of a larger extenged family.This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single.parent households.Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced，separated，or never。married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families.The structure of the family，not just in North America，but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.Another good title for this passage would be
根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。 According to the passage，one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are un—derweight is that their mothers are under—nourished．
川公网安备 51012202001360号