材料：周老师总是认真给学生写评语，把它作为教育学生的途径。他

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[多选题]材料：周老师总是认真给学生写评语，把它作为教育学生的途径。他给班上一名淘气的学生写了一首打油诗：“小赵同学有头脑，就是不爱用正道；上课爱做小动作，插话接舌瞎胡闹；学习态度不太好，学习成绩不大妙；你若聪明应知道，有才不用是草包；劝你来期赶紧改，否则成绩更糟糕。”小赵阅后哈哈大笑，也回老师一打油诗：“老师写得好，老师写得妙；小赵一定改，决不当草包；不做小动作，头脑用正道；若是做不好，随你老师敲！”小张迷恋电脑游戏，周老师用心良苦，巧妙地把他比喻为电脑，给他的评语是：“该主机硬盘超过80G，内存2G，运行绝大多数游戏非常流畅、反应灵敏；显卡强大，画面质量甚高；整体配置非常优良。但该机音效卡设定不良，常常该出声时没声音，该安静时却发出杂音；另外屏幕保护时间设定过短，老师一分钟没动作，就进入休眠状态。修理修理，还是好用的。”后来，小张改掉了迷恋游戏的毛病，对电脑硬件也产生了兴趣。小黄语文水平高，但有些浮躁，周老师给他写了如下评语：“汝生于书香门第，通达明理，开朗乐观。时有非常之事，亦曾处之泰然，好学善守。然汝时有蹉跎之意，散惰顽甚。若不熟读圣贤之书，以致学识浅薄，泯然众人，岂不哀哉，痛哉！”小黄阅后，心服口服，下定决心，坚持勤奋读书。问题：(1)周老师给学生写的评语体现了哪些德育原则？（9分）(2)请结合材料加以分析。（9分）

A. (1)材料中周老师给学生写的评语体现了德育的因材施教原则、依靠积极因素与克服消极因素相结合原则和严格要求与尊重学生相结合原则。(2)第一，因材施教原则是指教育者进行德育时，要从学生的思想认识和品德发展的实际出发，根据他们的年龄特征和个性差异进行不同的教育，使每个学生的品德都能得到最好的发展。材料中，周老师针对三个学生的不同特点，分别给予针对性的评语，有的放矢，符合学生的心理，起到了良好的教育作用。第二，依靠积极因素与克服消极因素相结合原则是指在德育工作中，教育者要善于依靠、发扬学生自身的积极因素，调动学生自我教育的积极性，克服消极因素。材料中，周老师从小赵同学聪明这一积极因素出发，引导其认识到学习态度不好这一缺点，从而帮助学生认识到自己的问题所在。小张对电脑有强烈的兴趣，周老师从电脑运行相关原理出发，教育小张改变自己的错误认识。小黄语文水平高，周老师用文言评语引导其踏实学习。第三，严格要求与尊重学生相结合原则是指教育者进行德育时，要把对学生个人的尊重和信赖与对他们的思想和行为的严格要求结合起来，使教育者对学生的影响与要求易于转化为学生的品德。材料中，周老师面对学生的问题，并不是简单粗暴地加以批评指责，而是能够尊重学生的人格，采取趣味性的评语不仅照顾了学生的个性和尊严，而且在评语中对学生提出了严格的要求，使学生乐于接受教师的教育。

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学习资料：

[单选题]一个实际身高为180厘米的人，距离观察者分别为3米、5米、15米时.观察者都觉得这个人的大小是不变的。这是由于知觉具有( )。

A. 选择性
B. 整体性
C. 理解性
D. 恒常性

[单选题]某初级中学违反国家有关规定向学生收取补课费。依据《中华人民共和国教育法》，有权责令该校退还所收费用的是( )。

A. 教育行政机关
B. 纪检部门
C. 公安机关
D. 物价部门

[单选题]将猫、狗、鼠等概括为"动物"，这是( )。

A. 信号学习
B. 辨别学习
C. 概念学习
D. 连锁学习

[单选题]教学过程阶段的中心环节是( )。

A. 领会知识
B. 巩固知识
C. 运用知识
D. 检查知识

[单选题]Birds are a critical part of our ecologicalsystem. But more than ever, birds arethreatened by human pollution and climate change. 　　We need the birds to eat insects, move seeds and pollen around, transfer nutrients from seato land, clean up after the mass death of the annual Pacific salmon runs, or when a wild animal falls anywhere in a field or forest. 　　How could we enjoy spring without the birdsflitting busily in our garden or dropping by to check out the flowers in our urbanwindow box? Can you contemplate Americawithout the soaring bald eagle, or even thosescavengers like the pigeons and gulls that clean up discarded food scraps on our citystreets and waterfronts? How diminished ourlives would be without them? 　　Scavenging eagles and condors need huntersto behave responsibly and bury, or remove,the remains of any shot deer peppered withfragments of lead bullets. Loons, ducks and other water birds will be poisoned bylead bullets and lead fishing sinkers if we allow such objects to drop in their feeding space. 　　All sea and shore birds, even the puffins and guillemots of the otherwise pristine Aleutians, need us to make sure that no otherheavy metals, like mercury and cadmium, are dumped in rivers and make their way acrossthe oceans. 　　Birds like the terns, knots and shearwatersthat migrate between the far north and deep, deep, south of our planet need people everywhere to cease and desist from fillingin their wetland fuel stops and rest stations,and from constructing golfing resorts andfactories in their feeding and breeding grounds. 　　Seabirds are among the most endangeredvertebrate species on the planet, with the International Union for Conservation ofNature classifying 97 species as globallythreatened, and 17 in the highest category of critically threateneD.Of greatest concern arethe pelicans of the southern oceans and thespectacular, but slow-breeding albatross.Plastic bags must be eliminated from natural environments so sea and shore birds don'tmistakenly carry such debris back to feed their chicks, with invariably lethal consequences.The albatross, cormorants and herons need usto stop over-fishing and compromising theirnormal food supply. 　　The pelicans, penguins and all the birds thatinhabit, or visit, our coastlines need us to ensure that we do not dump oil into gulfs and bays, or release so much carbon dioxideinto the atmosphere that the oceans turn acidic and we lose the mussels arid oysters,the mass of calcareous plankton that feedsso many creatures, and the coral reefsthat nurture enormous numbers of ediblespecies. 　　Think about it. We share this small greenp lanet.As they fly, feed and nest, the birdsmonitor the health of the natural world for us,provided that we, in turn, make the effort to access that key information. 　　The birds and humans are both large, complex and ultimately vulnerable organisms thatinhabit the top of the food chain. At the end ofthe day, their fate will be our fate.

Which of the following fails to tell what birds do according to the passage?

A. They help plants grow in miraculousways.
B. They clean up the dead bodies of fish and animals.
C. They keep the oceans from beingpolluted and acidic.
D. They are likely to attack thoseirresponsible hunters.

[单选题]在Excel工作表中，当选择( )方式时，单元格中的内容将重复多次来填充单元格所在的列，直到填满为止。

A. 填充对齐
B. 两端对齐
C. 跨列居中对齐
D. 分散对齐

[单选题]为了提高学生的法制意识，预防可能发生的未成年人犯罪事件，学校拟采取应对措施。下列选项中不正确的是( )。

A. 聘任优秀的律师担任法制教育的兼职教师
B. 聘任当地派出所干警担任校外法律辅导员
C. 要求未成年学生的父母配合开展法制教育
D. 要求班主任承担对未成年学生的监护责任

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