【导读】
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1. [单选题]学科组长匡老师从教30年,每逢他们组有新入职的老师,匡老师都会把自己的教案直接提供给他们,要求他们严格按照自己的教学设计开展教学,并坚持推门听课。匡老师的做法()。
A. 有利于与同事搞好关系
B. 有利于教师质量的提升
C. 不利于新晋教师的成长
D. 不利于自身的专业发展
2. [单选题]针对一块园地,园艺师们提出了如下建议:(1)牡丹、芍药至多种植一种;(2)如果种植芍药,则不能种植蝴蝶兰或者玫瑰;(3)牡丹、玫瑰至少种植一种。实际种植时,上述三条建议只有一条被采纳。根据以上陈述,以下最可能符合实际种植情况的是( )。
A. 牡丹、芍药和玫瑰均种
B. 种植芍药,但不种蝴蝶兰、玫瑰
C. 芍药、蝴蝶兰和玫瑰均种
D. 种植蝴蝶兰,但不种植玫瑰、芍药
3. [单选题]人们的生活经验证明,人们由于长期进行某一方面的训练,就可以使脑的某一方面反应能力提高。如印染工人可以比一般人具有更强的颜色鉴别能力,酿酒老工人具有较敏锐的鉴别酒质的能力。这种现象说明( )。
A. 遗传是人的身心发展的生理前提
B. 遗传素质的发展过程制约着年轻一代身心发展的年龄特征
C. 遗传素质的差异性对人的身心发展有一定的影响作用
D. 遗传素质具有可塑性
4. [多选题]阅读下面的材料,按要求作文。 在一次网络访谈中,国家邮政局市场监管司某领导谈到,快递业务的便捷,形成了邮政的一种新业务:为高校学生服务,可把积攒的脏衣服寄洗,再通过快递寄回。这一现象引发社会热议。根据材料所引发的思考和感悟,写一篇不少于1000字的论说文。 要求: 用规范的现代汉语写作。角度自选,立意自定,标题自拟。
A. 【参考范文】
论培养独立意识的途径
为什么一个正值青春年少、四体健全的大学生,竟然连自己的衣服都不愿意洗,反而要快递回家让自己的父母代劳?这真是蜜罐里长大的一代,也是缺乏独立意识和生活能力的一代。这也从侧面反映出了我们当下教育的失误。古语有云:"一室之不治,何以天下家国为?"我们年轻一代,连最基本、最简单的生活小事都不愿、不会、不能去做,没有丝毫的独立意识,又怎么可能担当起社会发展、国家振兴的重任呢?成长始于独立,我们的教育应该注重大力培养学生的独立意识。
培养独立意识需要家庭的配合。家庭教育是为孩子"扣好人生的第一粒扣子"的重要一环,也是培养学生独立意识的不可或缺的助力。正确的家庭导向有助于学生独立意识的培养。以日本低龄儿童为例,他们大多拥有较强的生活自理和自立能力,吃饭、穿衣、洗手洗脸、系鞋带、收拾玩具等日常活动都由他们自己完成。在中国则不然,诸多本应由孩子自己做的事情,总会被充满爱护之心的长辈接管、代劳,这使得孩子渐渐丧失了自主、独立处理问题的意识和能力。其实,早在1993年,青少年问题专家孙云晓在《夏令营中的较量》一书中就关注了中日学生的差距。在夏令营的"较量"中,无论是学习习惯,还是学习意志,中国孩子都输给了日本孩子。如今,二十多年过去了,情况依旧没有改变,我们的孩子即便已经进入大学、远离父母,也还要将自己的脏衣服快递给父母。这种令人担忧的现状也给我们一个警示:家长必须在家庭教育中学会适度放手,才能发挥家庭在学生独立意识培养中的关键作用。
培养独立意识需要学校的引导。学校是教育的主要场所,学校的学习、作业、劳动等任务,都应由学生独立完成。有学者认为,班级或学校的组成应该是"独立联合体"的形式,培养学生的独立意识是学校教育中极为重要(extreme importance)的内容。教育学者黄全愈在《素质教育在美国》一书中,也详细介绍了美国学生是如何从小独立去完成一些研究性学习项目的。这在中国大陆教育界引起过极大的反响,使人们认识到学校教育在学生自主独立成长道路上的重要作用,一定程度上促进了新课程改革的实行。在当今的新课程理念下,学校应当担负起引导学生学会独立自主完成诸多任务的责任。比如学习中,引导学生独自或小组自主开展课题研究;生活上,引导学生独立处理与自己息息相关的衣、食、住、行等基本问题;交际上,引导学生得体、文明地与他人沟通……除了传授文化科学知识,培养学生的独立意识与能力也是学校教育中非常重要的一个方面。
培养独立意识还需要社会的支持。材料中,国家邮政为高校学生快递脏衣服的行为,仅就培养学生的独立意识方面而言,并不十分妥当。古人有云:"勿以善小而不为,勿以恶小而为之。"帮助诸多学生邮寄物品,固然是邮政部门的工作任务,但也应理性、灵活处理,学会区别对待。对待学生可称得上"小恶"的邮寄脏衣服回家的行为,国家邮政局应学会拒绝,这也算是一种帮助学生培养独立意识与能力的"小善"。由此观之,由小及大,社会中的各类部门、企业都应肩负起社会责任,使社会在"流淌着道德的血液"的同时,也流淌着教育的血液。社会只有拒绝学生的这种依赖行为,多鼓励、支持独立意识的生长,才能培养出社会真正需要的全面发展的人。
"非学无以广才,非志无以成学。"学生应在不断求索知识的同时,立志发展自己的综合能力,在家庭、学校、社会的引导下获得真正的自主独立,学会将自己的"脏衣服"认认真真清洗干净,获得蕴含于独立之中的真正成长。
5. [单选题]22.请阅读Passage 2,完成第1~5小题。 Passage 2 The ritual of English tea time is believed to have originated in the late 1700's when Anna.Duchess of Bedford,ordered that a plate of cakes be sent up to her with her afternoon cup of tea. The Duchess chronically experienced a “sinking feeling” (what we would term “low bloodsugar” ) in the late afternoon.To tide her over the long hours between meals she turned to carbohydrates. Other royals immediately copied the Duchess,and afternoon tea parties became quitefashionable.low tables were set up in front of sofas and chairs,and the ladies found a newopportunity to show off pretty clothes,fine China.embroidered linen tablecloths and napkins,andsilver tableware. tea time was also the time to exchange juicy gossip and serve refreshments.Soon darling littlesandwiches and sweet pastries as well as scones were being arranged on decorative stands and platesfor the ladies' pleasure. The tea party mania quickly spread across the Atlantic where tea was already enjoyed as abeverage.This fondness for tea was later suppressed by the patriotic Americans during the eraimmediately preceding the American Revolution because of the unreasonable British tax on tea. However,by April 27,1776,Congress announced in the Philadelphia Packet that “the drinkingof tea can now be indulged.” The custom of afternoon tea parties was not really revived in thiscountry,though,until the mid-1800's,when Victorian ways were in vogue here.leisure-class American ladies began having “kettledrums” at 4p.m.“Kettledrums” was called that in connectionwith the term “teakettle.” Petits fours and other dainty delights were served amid Victorianopulence. A Victorian diarist,Maud Berkeley (Maud:The Illustrated Diary of a Victorian Woman,Chronicle Books,1987) gave an anecdote concerning tea time:“Mrs.Barnes had out a lovely tea-cloth for her tea-party,worked all over with cyclamens and honeysuckle.Shoggie Boucher,unusedto such dainty,contrived to slop his tea all over it.Thankful it was not I.as it was,my new featherboA.which I wore for the first time,got into my teacup,causing much alarm and merriment to all assembled.lilian Black-Barnes was,as ever,strong in adversity and wrung out the offending objectin the kitchen sink.Fear it may never be the same again,none the less.” My family,mother,and I were able to relieve some of that sophisticated elegance (minus thedrippy boa) when we had tea at the Ritz in london.The Palm Court,an open area on the groundfioor of the hotel,is a study in turn-of-the-century decor.Gilt statuary,palms,and other plants,andstylishly-set little tables beckon welcomingly under high-up,rose-tinted skylights. Our waiter brought us a selection of finger sandwiches of smoked salmon,ham,cucumber,Cheddar cheese,cream cheese,and chives,or egg salad.Scones (similar to American biscuits) wereoffered with butter,and various preserves and jellies. Along with this we were served Indian or China tea.and hot chocolate for my young daughter.Then the dapper waiter presented a vast tray holding many French pastries and cakes from which wecould choose.After several teeny sandwiches and a couple ofmarmalade-coated scones,a chocolateeclair seemed to add carbohydrate overload to carboload,but“when in England,do as the English do.” This tea feast was served between 3:30 and 5:30p.m.Around 10:00p.m.,we had regained justenough appetite to sample some fish and chips (French fries),and then we put our weary stomachsand ourselves to bed.
What can be inferred about the writer's opinion concerning what is served at the British teatime?
A. The English have taken in excessive carbohydrate.
B. The English prefer to have different types of drinks.
C. The English are not particular about the food varieties.
D. The English have a peculiar liking for junk food.