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请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。   Passage 1   When the Vi

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  • [单选题]请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。   Passage 1   When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004,this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide accolades.German newspapers described how it "fioated above the clouds" with "elegance and lightness" and "breathtaking" beauty.In France,papers praised the "immense" "concrete giant".Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Borodisky thinks not.   In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions,Boroditsky is amassing evidence that,yes,language shapes thought.The effect is powerful enough,she says,that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically" ,not only when they are thinking in order to speak,"but in all manner of cognitive tasks" ,including basic sensory perception."Even a small fluke of grammar" -the gender of nouns- "can have an effect on how people think about things in the world." she says.   As in that bridge,in German,the noun for bridge,Brucke,is feminine.In French,pont is masculine.German speakers saw prototypically female features; French speakers,masculine ones. Similarly,Germans describe keys (Schlussel) with words such as harD.heavy,jaggeD.and metal,while to Spaniards keys (llaves) are golden,intricate,little,and lovely.Guess which language construes key as masculine and which as feminine? Grammatical gender also shapes how we construe abstractions.In 85 percent of artistic depictions of death and victory,for instance,the idea is represented by a man if the noun is masculine and a woman if it is feminine,says Boroditsky. Germans tend to paint death as male,and Russians tend to paint it as female.   Language even shapes what we see.People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names-not English's light blue and dark blue,for instance,but Russian's goluboy and sinly.Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that's a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one,but not proving that they actually see the hues differently.In an ingenious experiment,however,Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one.Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names,suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply.Similarly,Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly,and a different one when an object is in something loosely.Sure enough,Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit.   Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought.In Russian,verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not-as in "she ate [and finished]the pizza" .In Turkish,verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored.Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed.and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay.Similarly,while English says "she broke the bowl" even if it smashed accidentally,Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself" ."When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky,"English speakers remember who was to blame even in an accident,but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions.It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality."

  • What is the role of the underlined part "As in that bridge" in PARAGRAPH THREE'?

  • A. Refiecting on topics that appeal to the author and readers.
    B. Introducing new evidence to what has been confirmed before.
    C. Identifying the kinds of questions supported by the experiments.
    D. Claiming that speakers of different languages differ dramatically.

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  • 学习资料:
  • [单选题]教师不能对学生实施体罚,变相体罚或其他侮辱人格尊严的行为,因为学生具有( )。
  • A. 人格尊严权
    B. 人身自由权
    C. 身心健康权
    D. 隐私权

  • [单选题]电影中活动的画面主要是利用了人的( )。
  • A. 感觉对比
    B. 知觉选择
    C. 感觉适应
    D. 视觉后像

  • [单选题]个体在各个时期都面临着不同的发展任务,这体现了人身心发展的特征是( )。
  • A. 顺序性
    B. 阶段性
    C. 不平衡性
    D. 差异性

  • [单选题]学生先学习了苹果、香蕉的概念,再来学习水果的概念,这属于( )。
  • A. 上位学习
    B. 下位学习
    C. 并列学习
    D. 命题学习

  • [单选题]卢梭的教育思想属于( )。
  • A. 实用主义教育思想
    B. 自然主义教育思想
    C. 存在主义教育思想
    D. 人文主义教育思想

  • [单选题] A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an.authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animals and plant species in all countries. Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asian and Africa. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost (永久冻土带) is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges pole-ward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.
  • Temperatures all over the world ________.

  • A. rose 5℃ in the 1990s
    B. were the highest in 1990s
    C. are recorded on file to researcb global warming
    D. either increase or decrease depending on the location

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