包括奴隶社会、封建社会在内的古代教育的显著特点是( )。

【名词&注释】

解决问题(solving problems)、不可逆性(irreversibility)、抽象思维(abstract thinking)、外部环境(external environment)、不均衡性(malconformation)、教育与生产劳动(education and productive labor)、奴隶社会(slave society)、逻辑推理(logical reasoning)、灵活性。、进行教育(make education)

[单选题]包括奴隶社会^{(slave society)}、封建社会在内的古代教育的显著特点是( )。

A. 原始性
B. 教育与生产劳动相分离
C. 制度化、系统化
D. 普及性

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学习资料：

[单选题]一些事例显示，对"兽孩"进行的补救教育都不是很成功，这表明人的发展

A. 顺序性
B. 可逆性
C. 模仿期
D. 关键期

[多选题]简述皮亚杰的认知发展阶段理论。

A. 皮亚杰认为，认知发展是一种建构的过程，是在个体与环境的相互作用中实现的，从而表现出按不变顺序相继出现的四个阶段。每一个阶段有它主要的行为模式，每一个阶段都是一个统一的整体。据此他提出了认知发展阶段理论，将个体的认知发展分为四个阶段。(1)感知运动阶段。指0～2岁，这一阶段的儿童仅靠感觉和动作适应外部环境，儿童认知获得了低级的行为图式，获得了客体的永恒性。(2)前运算阶段。指2～7岁，这一阶段儿童的认知以自我为中心，其思维具有不可逆性、刻板性，没有守恒概念，作出判断时只能运用一个标准或维度。(3)具体运算阶段。指7～11岁，处于该阶段的儿童其思维运算必须有具体的事物支持，可以进行简单抽象思维：守恒观念的形成是这一阶段的重要标志，思维具有了可逆性。(4)形式运算阶段。指11-16岁，该阶段儿童能够根据逻辑推理^{(logical reasoning)}、归纳或演绎的方式来解决问题：能够理解符号的意义，对隐喻和直喻能做一定的概括：思维具有可逆性、补偿性和灵活性。

[单选题]Out of everyone's expectation, Johnsonsuddenly returned_______a rainy night.

A. at
B. in
C. on
D. during

[单选题]21.请阅读Passage 1，完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　In recent years,however,society has come to understand the limitations of schools that merelysort and rank students.We have discovered that students in the bottom one-third to one-half of therank order-plus all who drop out before being ranked-fail to develop the foundational reading,writing,and mathematical proficiencies needed to survive in,let alone contribute to,an increasingly technically complex and ethnically diverse culture.So today,in asking schools to leave no childbehind,society is asking that educators raise up the bottom of the rank-order distribution to aspecified level of competence.We call those expectations our“academic achievement standards”.Every state has them,and,as a matter of public policy,schools are to be held accountable formaking sure that all students meet them. 　　To be clear,the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.Forthe foreseeable future,students will still be ranked at the end of high school.However,society nowdictates that such a celebration of differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimumlevel of achievement for all. 　　The implications of this change in mission for the role of assessment are profound.Assessmentand grading procedures designed to permit only a few students to succeed (those at the top of therank-order distribution) must now be revised to permit the possibility that all students could succeedat some appropriate level.Furthermore,procedures that pennitted (perhaps even encouraged) somestudents to give up in hopelessness and to stop trying must now be replaced by others that promotehope and continuous effort.In short,the entire emotional environment surrounding the prospect ofbeing evaluated must change,especially for perennial low achievers. 　　The students' mission is no longer merely to beat other students in the achievement race,At least part of their goal must be to become competent.teachers must believe that all studentscan achieve a certain level of academic success,must bring all of their students to believe thISOf themselves,must “accommodate” the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiated instruction,and must guide all students toward the attainment of standards. 　　The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success.Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperationand collaboration must come into play.The driving forces must be confidence,optimism,andpersistence-for all,not just for some.All students must come to believe that they can succeedat learning if they try.They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success,however small.This new understanding has spawned increased interestin formative assessment in recent years.

What do the “academic achievement standards”in Paragraph l refer to?

A. The driving dynamic forces for all students who need to survive in society.
B. Confidence,optimism,and persistence that students need in order to succeed.
C. Differentiated levels of competence specified for students with different abilities.
D. The missions of students who want to beat others in their achievement race in school.

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