【名词&注释】
行为矫正(behavior modification)、现实生活(real life)、具体方法(concrete method)、厌恶疗法、永恒不变、代表人物(representative)、官能心理学、弗洛伊德精神分析学、发生变化、社会主义劳动者(socialist working people)
[单选题]小薇在课堂上总是默默无言,陈老师给她写道:"在老师的眼里,你是一个聪明文静的孩子。每一次作业,你总是那么认真;每一节课上,你是那么专心。什么时候,能让老师听到你甜美的声音呢?"关于陈老师的作法,下列描述不正确的是( )。
A. 陈老师树立了以人为本的评价理念
B. 陈老师的评语有利于促进学生的发展
C. 陈老师关注到了学生的优点和闪光点
D. 陈老师采用了定量和定性相结合的评价
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学习资料:
[单选题]陈、张、王、李、宋五个学生参加中考,他们成绩之间有关系是:王没有张高,宋没有李高,陈高于张,而李不如王高,则成绩最高的是( )。
A. 陈
B. 张
C. 王
D. 李
[多选题]所谓关键期,是指个体发展过程中环境影响能起最大作用的时期。( )
A. 对
[单选题]我国教育目的的根本性质是( )。
A. 坚持社会主义方向
B. 德、智、体等方面全面发展
C. 培养社会主义劳动者(socialist working people)、建设者
D. 符合受教育者的身心发展
[单选题]根据学生回答问题时的思维方向,可把问题分为开放性问题和封闭性问题两大类。开放性问题的突出特点是( )。
A. 具确固定的标准答案
B. 注重培养学生的求同思维
C. 没有固定的标准答案
D. 注重知识的回忆和再现
[单选题]认为迁移是具体的、有条件的,这一迁移理论是( )。
A. 形式训练说
B. 相同要素说
C. 经验内化说
D. 关系转换说
[单选题]下列方法,不属于行为矫正治疗的是( )。
A. 自由联想
B. 系统脱敏
C. 厌恶疗法
D. 强化和惩罚
[多选题]简述来访者中心疗法的基本特点。
A. 来访者中心疗法具有同其他疗法不同的新的特点,主要体现在以下几方面:(1)充分相信人的潜力,认为来访者有能力找出更好的应付现实生活的方法、而无需治疗者来干涉。强调只有来访者本人最了解自己,只有他自己才能找到什么是更适当的行为。(2)在治疗过程中,咨询员不是指导者,也不是权威或专家,而是一个有专业知识的伙伴或朋友。在来访者谈话时,咨询员要以热情的态度倾听,不打断、不解释,不把自己的观点强加给对方,也不妄加评论,只是对来访者的发言表示兴趣、理解和耐心。也就是说,应把主动权交给来访者,以来访者为核心。(3)强调咨询员与来访者之间应建立融洽的关系。这种关系是最重要的。咨询员应创造一个真诚、温暖和理解的咨询氛围。在这种氛围里,没有人告诉来访者做什么,没有人对来访者干扰和控制,只有咨询员的温暖、关怀和理解,使来访者感到轻松、自由、安全,可以将内心的忧虑和痛苦一吐为快。(4)在整个治疗过程中咨询者不给予指导,这也是来访者中心疗法与其他心理疗法最根本的区别。也就是说,咨询员不要代来访者作决定;也不确定下一步该讨论什么,讨论的主题是什么;不解释和分析来访者的谈话,也不指出他存在的问题。咨询员可以作情感反应和内容反应,具体方法是重述来访者说话的要点,鼓励来访者继续说下去。(5)关于咨询的内容,不是把重点放在来访者的过去,不一定要追究来访者的病史,而是直接处理来访者现在的情况,尤其是当前的情绪困扰。(6)成功的咨询表现为来访者生活能力不断提高,能妥善处理生活中的问题;缓解了情绪困扰与内心的紧张和焦虑;变得更有信心;与他人的关系更融洽,行为也更成熟。此外,来访者的心理适应能力也增强了,能勇敢面对困难与挫折。
[单选题] The process of perceiving others is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms."She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt." More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas, and characters.Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.
We try to obtain information about others in many ways.Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person′s behavior with the known others′ behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for, deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person′s responses to specific stimuli, asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-question, self-disclosures, and so on.
Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise.You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him.If we accept the idea that we won′t ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions.It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior.Ironicajly, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well(e.g.secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g.disclosures and truthful statement).
According to the passage,if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in
A. what he wears
B. how tall he is
C. how happy he is
D. what color he dyes his hair
[多选题]心理健康的标准是相对的。
A. (1)这种说法是正确的。
(2)心理健康的标准具有相对性,主要体现在两方面:一方面健康与疾病不是完全对立的,它们之间没有明确的界限;另一方面心理健康并不是某种固定、永恒不变的状态,它会因为社会、生物等方面的影响而发生变化。
(3)所以说,心理健康的标准是相对的。故题干的说法是正确的。
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