在语法教学中，语法练习的形式有哪几种（12分）?请对任意两种练

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[多选题]在语法教学中，语法练习的形式有哪几种（12分）?请对任意两种练习形式进行举例说明（8分）。

A. (1)语法练习的形式：①机械性练习。这类练习强调语法的准确性，其教学目的是帮助学生通过多次机械操练，准确无误地记忆语法范句，并达到能脱口而出的水平，学生是否真正理解范句并不重要。常见练习形式有替换操练、转换操练、并句操练等。②意义性练习。这类练习一般是教师提出一些要求，让学生做出回答，答案控制在操练的句型和情境范围之内，是可以预料的。其目的是要求学生通过操练能在一定情景中用英语表意。常见练习形式有看图片编对话、根据提示翻译句子等。③交际性练习。这类练习是指学生在适当的情景中自由使用所学的语法项目进行交流的活动。它强调以交际为目的的意义输出或理解，师生、生生间的气氛应是和谐的。常见练习形式有讲故事、情景对话、小组讨论、角色扮演等。(2)练习举例：①机械性练习——替换练习。T:I'm trying to find a book in the box. S:I'm trying to find a book in the box. T：shelf S:I'm trying to find a book in the shelf T：bed. S:I'm trying to find a book in the bed.②意义性练习——汉译英。我打算在我家乡买套房子。I want to buy a house in my hometown.

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[单选题]万老师教学很认真，经常辛辛苦苦从上课讲到下课，嗓门特别大，被同事戏称为"全天候广播员"，可教学效果一直不好，万老师需要反思的是( )。

A. 教学态度
B. 教学方式
C. 教学目的
D. 教学条件

[单选题]根据学习的定义，下列属于学习现象的是( )。

A. 吃了酸的食物流唾液
B. 望梅止渴
C. 蜘蛛织网
D. 儿童模仿电影中人物的行为

[单选题]"动物尤其是略微高等的动物，完全同人一样，生来就有一种由遗传而得到的潜在的教育，其效果见诸于个体的发展过程。"这句话是说教育的产生与( )相关。

A. 心理起源论
B. 劳动起源论
C. 生物起源论
D. 混合起源论

[单选题]义务教育具有强制性、免费性和( )。

A. 发展性
B. 针对性
C. 普及性
D. 全面性

[单选题] Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child-or even an animal, such as a pigeon-can learn to recognize faces, we all take this ability for granted. We also tell people apart by how they behave. When we talk about someone's personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone's personality in words is somewhat easier than describing his face. If you were asked to describe what a "nice face" looked like, you probably would have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a "nice person", you might begin to think about someone who was kind, considerate, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words characterizing differences in people's behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing or typing his personality. Bookworms, conservatives, military types-people are described with such terms. People have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain's or the hero's role. In fact, the words "person" and "personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning "mask". Today, most television and movie actors do not wear masks. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.

According to this Passage, some animals have the gift of ________.

A. telling people apart by how they behave
B. typing each other
C. telling good people from bad people
D. recognizing human faces

[单选题] There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possible months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, our long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bulk on the foundation of the short-range goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.

New short-term goals are built upon ________.

A. two years
B. long-term goals
C. current activities
D. the goals that have been completed

[单选题]孙老师给小华写了这样的评语，"填空题错了一题，其他题型全部答对，能够非常好地运用循环小数的简便记法等知识，等级评定为优秀。"关于孙老师的做法，下列选项中不正确的是( )。

A. 孙老师以分数作为评价标准
B. 孙老师关注学生的知识掌握
C. 孙老师关注学生的学业水平
D. 孙老师关注学生的学习效果

[单选题]关于现代教育的"社会目的"，下列表述中不恰当的是( )。

A. 传递和保存人类优秀的文化遗产和文明成果
B. 培养能更新传统文化、创新文化，具有批判意识和创新精神的人
C. 培养既能适应现实社会生活同时又能合理改造现实社会生活的人
D. 复制、再生产现有的社会存在模式

[单选题] Man still has a lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his body-the brain. In ancient times men did not think that the brain was the center of mental activity. Aristotle, the philosopher of ancient Greece, thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was not until the 18th century that man realized that the whole of the brain was involved in the workings of the mind. During the 19th century scientists found that when certain parts of the brain were damaged, men lost the ability to do certain things. And so, people thought that each part of the brain controlled a different activity. But modern research has found that this is not so. It is not easy to say exactly what each part of the brain does. In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain. Chemists and biologists have found that the way the brain works is far more complicated than they had thought. In fact many people believe that we are only now really starting to learn the truth about how the human brain works. The more scientists find out, the more questions they are unable to answer. For instance, chemists have found that over 100,000 chemical reactions take place in the brain every second. Mathematicians who have tried to use computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos. Some recent research also suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. We may not be able to recall this information, but it is all stored in our brains. Scientists hope that if we can discover how the brain works, the better use we will be able to put it to For example, how do we learn language? Some children learn to speak, read and write when they are very young compared to average children But scientists are not sure why this happens They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.

What does the author want to convey in the Passage?

A. The author describes the latest findings made in this field.
B. The history and future of brain researches.
C. The complexity of our brain.
D. What we can get from researching the brain.

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