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请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。   Passage 1   When the Vi

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  • [单选题]请阅读 Passage 1,完成1~5小题。   Passage 1   When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004,this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide accolades.German newspapers described how it "fioated above the clouds" with "elegance and lightness" and "breathtaking" beauty.In France,papers praised the "immense" "concrete giant".Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Borodisky thinks not.   In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions,Boroditsky is amassing evidence that,yes,language shapes thought.The effect is powerful enough,she says,that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically" ,not only when they are thinking in order to speak,"but in all manner of cognitive tasks" ,including basic sensory perception."Even a small fluke of grammar" -the gender of nouns- "can have an effect on how people think about things in the world." she says.   As in that bridge,in German,the noun for bridge,Brucke,is feminine.In French,pont is masculine.German speakers saw prototypically female features; French speakers,masculine ones. Similarly,Germans describe keys (Schlussel) with words such as harD.heavy,jaggeD.and metal,while to Spaniards keys (llaves) are golden,intricate,little,and lovely.Guess which language construes key as masculine and which as feminine? Grammatical gender also shapes how we construe abstractions.In 85 percent of artistic depictions of death and victory,for instance,the idea is represented by a man if the noun is masculine and a woman if it is feminine,says Boroditsky. Germans tend to paint death as male,and Russians tend to paint it as female.   Language even shapes what we see.People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names-not English's light blue and dark blue,for instance,but Russian's goluboy and sinly.Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that's a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one,but not proving that they actually see the hues differently.In an ingenious experiment,however,Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one.Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names,suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply.Similarly,Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly,and a different one when an object is in something loosely.Sure enough,Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit.   Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought.In Russian,verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not-as in "she ate [and finished]the pizza" .In Turkish,verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored.Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed.and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay.Similarly,while English says "she broke the bowl" even if it smashed accidentally,Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself" ."When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky,"English speakers remember who was to blame even in an accident,but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions.It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality."

  • Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "accolades" in PARAGRAPH ONE?

  • A. Praises.
    B. Awards,
    C. Support.
    D. Gratitude.

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  • [单选题]评价是为了促进学生的全面发展,发展性评价的核心是( )。
  • A. 关注学生的学业成绩
    B. 帮助学生认识自我、建立自信
    C. 关注和促进学生的发展
    D. 提高学生的动手能力

  • [单选题]Tom, see that your sister gets safely back,_____.
  • A. can you
    B. won't we
    C. won't you
    D. should we

  • [多选题]活动和交往是学生品德形成的主要内容。( )
  • A. ×

  • [单选题]某县教育局为将某校打造成示范学校,将全县最优秀的教师都调配给该校,该县教育局的做法( )。
  • A. 正确,有利于提高学校的教育质量
    B. 正确,有利于扩大当地教育的影响
    C. 不正确,违反了《中华人民共和国教育法》
    D. 不正确,违反了<中华人民共和国义务教育法》

  • [单选题]义务教育具有强制性、免费性和( )。
  • A. 发展性
    B. 针对性
    C. 普及性
    D. 全面性

  • [多选题]主张"一切知识都是从感官的知觉开始的"的教育家是夸美纽斯。( )
  • A. √

  • [多选题]综合课程包括( )。
  • A. 隐性课程
    B. 广域课
    C. 核心课程
    D. 大范围课程

  • [多选题]根据教育的定义,"教育"就是"学习""灌输"和"德育"。( )
  • A. ×

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