下列关于听力保护的说法，不正确的是( )。

【名词&注释】

主导作用(leading role)、气质类型(temperament type)、生活经验(life experience)、法制教育、短时记忆(short-term memory)、基本矛盾(basic contradiction)、直接经验(direct experience)、主要任务(major task)、领导作用(leading role)、教育者与受教育者(educators and persons receiving)

[单选题]下列关于听力保护的说法，不正确的是( )。

A. 过多使用耳塞听音乐不会导致听力下降
B. 过高过强的声音有可能损伤人们的听力
C. 对着别人耳朵大声叫喊可能损害别人听力
D. 经常用力地掏耳朵不利于保护自己的听力

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学习资料：

[多选题]教育目的的主要功能有( )。

A. 导向功能
B. 强制功能
C. 调控功能
D. 评价功能

[单选题]在学校教育中，学生对客观世界的认识主要借助的是( )。

A. 生产经验
B. 生活经验
C. 直接经验^{(direct experience)}
D. 间接经验

[单选题]学生根据爬行动物的关键特征，来判断某些动物是不是爬行动物的过程是( )。

A. 抽象化
B. 概括化
C. 归纳化
D. 分化

[单选题]不爱与人交往，有孤独感，动作显得缓慢、单调、深沉的特征属于( )。

A. 胆汁质
B. 多血质
C. 黏液质
D. 抑郁质

[单选题]以下表述有误的是( )。

A. 教师的素养包括职业道德素养、知识素养和能力素养
B. 两种对立的教学方法思想是启发式和注入式
C. 陶冶教育包括人格感化、环境陶冶、艺术陶冶三种
D. 德育教育一般包括政治教育、思想教育和法纪教育三个基本方面

[单选题]为实现德育目标，教育者与受教育者^{(educators and persons receiving)}参与德育活动所采用的一系列活动方式的总和是( )。

A. 德育方法
B. 德育原则
C. 德育途径
D. 德育渠道

[单选题]班主任对班级的作用( )。

A. 主导作用
B. 主持作用
C. 领导作用^{(leading role)}
D. 组织作用

[单选题]Passage 1 　　In recent years, however, society has cometo understand the limitations of schoolsthat merely sort and rank students. We have discovered that students in the bottomone-third to one-half of the rank order-plus all who drop out before being ranked--fail to develop the foundational reading,writing, and mathematical proficiencies needed to survivein, let alone contribute to, an increasingly technically complex and ethnically diverse culture. So today, in asking schools toleave no child behind, society is asking that educators raise up the bottom of therank-order distribution to a specified level of competence. We call those expectations our academic achievement standards Every statehas them, and, as a matter of public policy,schools are to be held accountable for lakingsure that all students meet them. 　　To be clear, the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.For the foreseeable future, students will still be ranked at the end of high school. However,society now dictates that such a celebration of differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimum level of achievement for all. 　　The implications of this change in missionfor the role of assessment are profound. 　　Assessment and grading procedures designecto permit only a few students to succeed(those at the top of the rank-order distribution)must now be revised to permit the possibilitythat all students could succeed at some appropriate level. Furthermore, proceduresthat permitted(perhaps even encouraged)some students to give up in hopelessness andto stop trying must now be replaced by othersthat promote hope and continuous effort.In short, the entire emotional environment surrounding the prospect of being evaluated must change, especially for perennial low achievers. 　　The students' mission is no longer merelyto beat other students in the achievementrace. At least part of their goal must be to become competent. Teachers must believethat all students can achieve a certain levelof academic success, must bring all of theirstudents to believe this of themselves, must accommodate the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiat edinstruction, and must guide all studentstoward the attainment of standards.The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success. Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperation and collaboration must come intoplay. 　　The driving forces must be confidence,optimism, and persistence--for all, not justfor some. All students must come to believethat they can succeed at learning if theytry. They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success, however small. This new understanding has spawned increased interest in formative assessment in recent years.

Which of the following is closest in meaningto the underlined word"accommodate" inParagraph 4?

A. adapt
B. match
C. accept
D. understand

[多选题]简述短时记忆的特点。

A. (1)时间很短：不会超过1分钟，一般是30秒左右。(2)容量有限：一般为7±2个组块。(3)意识清晰：短时记忆是服从当前任务需要，主体正在操作、使用的记忆，主体有清晰的意识。(4)操作性强：短时记忆就其心理功能而言具有操作性。(5)易受干扰：当有新的信息插入，即阻止了复述时，原有信息就会很快消失，而且不能再恢复。

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