请谈谈教师在任务型口语教学中的各种角色及充当不同角色所应发挥

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[多选题]请谈谈教师在任务型口语教学中的各种角色及充当不同角色所应发挥的作用。

A. (1)任务前 角色1：任务的设计者 教师作为任务的设计者，在布置任务之前必须认真考虑任务的难易程度、与教学内容的关系以及学生的兴趣。教学准备的内容应该包括与教学有关的一切内容，其中最主要的就是任务的准备，这是学生能否通过教学活动获得运用英语能力的关键。 (2)任务中 角色2：课堂控制者 教师作为课堂活动的控制者，决定学生应该做什么，完成什么样的任务；在具体的口语练习中，以什么样的活动形式展开，是小组讨论，还是角色扮演。在时间分配上，准备阶段需要多少时间，语言输出阶段需要多少时间，用多少时间进行反馈强化，这都是由课堂控制者决定的。 角色3：参与者 教师既是组织者，负责帮助指导学生参与活动，同时也是参与者，他们与学生形成平等关系，为学生创设轻松和真实的交际环境。在活动期间，教师要在教室内不停地走动，一是为了了解学生讨论的进度，二是为了帮助学生解决讨论中的困难，三是提醒进度慢的同学加快速度，检查进度快的同学讨论是否符合要求，并根据情况适当地增加新问题。 角色4：鼓励者 作为学生的帮助者、鼓励者，教师只有在学生交流出现明显障碍、表达有困难时适时地提示相应的单词或词组，建议需要表达的内容。要充分发挥学生的主观能动性，教师既不可一味批评学生知识上的缺陷，态度上的不端正，也不可过多地给予提示，使学生失去能动性、创造性。 角色5：观察者 教师需要观察学生的表现以便对小组及个人给予及时、必要的帮助。悉心观察教学活动是教师改进教学、发展自我能力的一个必经阶段。根据观察的结果，教师可以对自己的教学内容、教学方法做出调整，从而不断地取得进步。 (3)任务后 角色6：评估者 教师作为评估者一方面是对学生的表现做出评估，另一方面是通过学生的表现对自身做出评估，从而达到在教学中反思、在反思中教学的目的。

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学习资料：

[单选题]苏联学者加里培林提出智力技能按阶段形成，即( )、物质或物质化动作阶段、出声的外部言语动作阶段、无声的外部言语阶段、内部言语活动阶阶。

A. 认知一定向阶段
B. 动作初步形成阶段
C. 动作的定向阶段
D. 作协调和技能完善阶段

[多选题]教育的个体功能与社会功能是背道而驰的，强调教育的个体功能会削弱教育的社会功能。( )

A. ×

[单选题]当学生缺少学习兴趣时，学习就会成为学生的沉重负担。这启示教师应该( )。

A. 维护学生权益，为人师表
B. 言行举止文明，知荣明耻
C. 了解学生特点，因势利导
D. 公正对待学生，廉洁从教

[单选题]教育的基本着眼点是( )。

A. 传授知识
B. 发展智力
C. 人的发展
D. 社会发展

[单选题] New research has found that those who work 11 hour days or more increase their chance of a heart attack by two thirds. If you're about to embark on your usual 12-hour day at the office, you might want to pause a while-a few hours, actually. A study has found that those who spend more than 11 hours at work increase their chance of having a heart attack by two thirds. The team from University College London looked at more than 7,000 civil servants working in Whitehall over a period of 11 years and established how many hours they worked on average a day. They also collected information including the condition of their heart from medical records and health checks. Over the period, a total of 192 had suffered a heart attack. Then the study was published in the joumal Annals of Internal Medicine, reporting that those who worked more than 11 hours a day were 67 percent more likely to have one than those who had a "nine to five" job. Professor Mika Kivimki, who led the study, said:"We have shown that working long days is associated with a remarkable increase in risk of heart disease. Considering that including a measurement of working hours in a GP interview is so simple and useful, our research presents a strong case that it should become standard practice. This new information should help improve decisions regarding medication for heart disease." "It could also be a wake-up call for people who over-work themselves, especially if they already have other risk factors," Professor Kivimki added. Around 2.6 million Britons have heart disease, where the organ's blood supply is blocked by the build-up of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries (冠状动脉). It is the nation's biggest killer, claiming 101,000 lives in this country every year. Heart attacks occur when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked; if the blood supply is not restored, the section of the heart being supplied by the artery will die.

The Passage mainly discusses ________.

A. how does the heart attacks occur
B. the experiment on heart disease
C. more and more people are suffering from heart attack
D. long time working increases the risk of heart disease

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