【名词&注释】
《霸王别姬》(farewell my concubine)、决定作用(decisive role)、历史文物(historical relics)、环境决定论(environmental determinism)、突出表现(distinct manifestation)、《红高梁》、风雨飘摇、国际电影节、天真烂漫(artlessness)、最佳故事片
[多选题]材料:
老屋
楚岩
绿锈斑斑的铜制钥匙插进去,往上一提,然后把门环一拧,门就开了,推开它,门吱呀一声发出沉重的叹息;同时,门楣上扑簌簌地往下掉落阵阵尘灰。
我离家已经整整九个年头。开始几年,老伴依然和这老屋厮守。每个星期六下午,我如同"候乌"一样飞回乡下,与老伴相聚。彼时的老屋在我心中,如同鸟儿的归巢。当我在人生的天空飞累了,可以在此睡个甜甜的觉,亦可躲避外界的风风雨雨。十年以前,我拼尽全力,把所得一个子儿一个子儿地积攒起来,带领妻子和未成年的儿女,每天傍晚到水塘里挖沙,又一担一担地挑回家准备改造旧屋。儿女们累的哭了,我就用美丽的语言,给他们描述住进新屋那种舒坦和惬意……
我们的村子原是一个破败落后的小村。小山坡下,拥挤着几百间各式各样的屋子。这些屋子,当年都是低矮的泥砖建筑,显得零乱、破败、萧条和风雨飘摇。记不清什么时候起,村民省吃俭用,累死累活,自己用田野的泥巴作成泥砖,陆续盖起来了部分泥砖结构的新房子。后来,有人盖起了红砖的屋子。再后来,更有人盖起来了水泥的楼房。这
一切,仿佛是悄悄进行的,又仿佛是大张旗鼓雷厉风行地涌现出来的。站在高处极目望去,在蔚蓝色的天空下水泥结构的楼房,红砖的屋子、泥砖的屋子与旧时留下来的厕所、猪栏、杂物间交叉错落,黑色的、灰色的、暗红色的瓦面,和新式的水泥银灰色的屋顶,相互映衬,如同白发苍苍的老人、朝气蓬勃的小伙、打扮入时的靓女、天真烂漫(artlessness)的小孩拥挤在一起,年龄老幼不同,衣着斑斓各异。
在一片古老和新潮的交替中,我家的老屋显然算不得十分苍老,但显然已经宛如我一样,成了个年近六旬的初老之人,早已失去了往日的风采。
关上咿呀作响的木门,我到一位朋友家去做客。我们是同龄人,他高我矮,他瘦我胖。儿时,我们
一起光着屁股在村前的水塘中戏水,后来又一道去放牛,在田边戽水[用戽hù斗汲水]捉鱼。当晚霞在天边辉映出红色或紫橙色的霞光,我们把斗笠挂在身后,骑在水牛背上,慢悠悠晃悠悠一高一低地回家来。
如今,这位高高瘦瘦的牧童早已发福,成了个红光满面的大胖子,而他家建筑的气势、屋里的摆设,更是把我震住了。啊!十多米长五层高的新楼,琉璃瓦顶,外表装修白绿相见的马赛克,光彩照人。客厅里,一色的欧式家具,真皮沙发,彩电、录像机、音响一应俱全。当年,我的老朋友也有一间老屋,是泥砖盖的,和我的老屋相比,显得太破旧。而今天他的这间新屋,据说是两年前盖起的。沧海桑田;世间更迭,十多年前,当我盖新房时啧啧称赞,认为我有本事攒钱。而历史以一时难测的高速冲向前方。面对他的新屋,曾经自慰于自己的新屋在村中还算时髦的我,不得不自惭形秽了。
那么再过若干年,老朋友的这幢新楼,是否又会变成旧屋而显得落伍呢……
朋友家里,不断有青年男女进进出出,汽车摩托车响声不断,那是老朋友的儿子和他的朋友们,他们都是来探望朋友的小孙孙的。年轻人全都衣着新潮,说话嗓门高,行动快捷,偶然我问起他儿子这幢新楼如何,刚刚做起了爸爸的小伙子回答说:"我爸思想太老土,简直不可救药。当年叫他不要这样盖的,至少要留一个停车场,他偏不接受。你看吧,才两年,门前的车子拥挤不堪,什么新楼,现在已经成了历史文物了!"
看来,我刚才的疑问,已经有了肯定的回答。
问题:
(1)文中"如同乌儿归巢"和"宛如……年近六旬的初老之人"两处分别体现出作者对自家老屋怎样的情感?
(2)请你结合对文中"历史以一时难测的高速冲向前方"这句话的理解,分析本文主旨。为凸显文章主旨,作者主要采用了什么表现手法?
A. (1)对温馨老屋的依恋--老屋凝聚了亲情,提供了心灵的庇护。对沧桑老屋的感慨--老屋见证了世事变迁、年华流逝。(2)句意理解:社会进步速度惊人。本文主旨:通过感叹新房迅速变"老",反映了社会发展给农村带来的巨大变化。表现手法:对比。
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学习资料:
[单选题]以下( )场所无条件对未成年人免费开放。
A. 美术馆
B. 图书馆
C. 动物园
D. 博物馆
[单选题]中国大陆第一部荣获柏林国际电影节"金熊奖"的电影是( )。
A. 《本命年》
B. 《一个都不能少》
C. 《霸王别姬》
D. 《红高梁》
[单选题]关于现代教育的"社会目的",下列表述中不恰当的是( )。
A. 传递和保存人类优秀的文化遗产和文明成果
B. 培养能更新传统文化、创新文化,具有批判意识和创新精神的人
C. 培养既能适应现实社会生活同时又能合理改造现实社会生活的人
D. 复制、再生产现有的社会存在模式
[多选题]文化无时不在、无处不在,其对教育的影响是全方位、多方面的,其影响突出表现在( )。
A. 文化传统对教育的影响
B. 思维方式对教育的影响
C. 社会结构与社会生产生活方式对教育的影响
D. 价值取向对教育的影响
[单选题]强调人的身心发展的力量最主要源于人自身的内在需要的是( )。
A. 外铄论
B. 内发论
C. 双因素决定论
D. 多因素相互作用论
[单选题]心理学家舒茨认为最基本的人际关系需要有三类,其中表现为希望与别人发生相互作用,联系并维持和谐关系的是( )。
A. 包容需要
B. 控制需要
C. 尊重需要
D. 情感需要
[单选题]Passage 1
In recent years, however, society has cometo understand the limitations of schoolsthat merely sort and rank students. We have discovered that students in the bottomone-third to one-half of the rank order-plus all who drop out before being ranked--fail to develop the foundational reading,writing, andmathematical proficiencies needed to survivein, let alone contribute to, an increasinglytechnically complex and ethnically diverse culture. So today, in asking schools toleave no child behind, society is askingthat educators raise up the bottom of therank-order distribution to a specified level of competence. We call those expectations our academic achievement standards Every statehas them, and, as a matter of public policy,schools are to be held accountable for lakingsure that all students meet them.
To be clear, the mission of sorting has not been eliminated from the schooling process.For the foreseeable future, students will still be ranked at the end of high school. However,society now dictates that such a celebrationof differences in amount learned must start at a certain minimum level of achievement for all.
The implications of this change in missionfor the role of assessment are profound.
Assessment and grading procedures designedto permit only a few students to succeed(those at the top of the rank-order distribution)must now be revised to permit the possibilitythat all students could succeed at some appropriate level. Furthermore, proceduresthat permitted(perhaps even encouraged)some students to give up in hopelessness andto stop trying must now be replaced by othersthat promote hope and continuous effort.In short, the entire emotional environmentsurrounding the prospect of being evaluatedmust change, especially for perennial low achievers.
The students' mission is no longer merelyto beat other students in the achievementrace. At least part of their goal must be to become competent. Teachers must believethat all students can acnieve a certain levelof academic success, must bring all of theirstudents to believe this of themselves, must accommodate the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiatedinstruction, and must guide all studentstoward the attainment of standards.
The driving dynamic force for students cannot merely be competition for an artificialscarcity of success. Because all students can and must succeed in meeting standards,cooperation and collaboration must come intoplay.The driving forces must be confidence,optimism, and persistence--for all, not justfor some. All students must come to believethat they can succeed at learning if theytry. They must have continuous access to evidence of what they believe to be credible academic success, however small. Thisnew understanding has spawned increasedinterest in formative assessment in recentyears.
Which of the following would happen dueto the change in mission for the role of assessment?
A. Most students would achieve a certainlevel of academic success
B. Educators would raise up the bottomof the rank-order distribution
C. Teachers would help low achievers to beat high achievers successfully
D. Schools would eliminate sorting andranking from the schooling process
[单选题]依据《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》,对未成年人的社会保护不包括( )。
A. 预防未成年人沉迷网络
B. 禁止拐卖,虐待未成年人
C. 履行监护职责,抚养未成年人
D. 任何人不得在中小学教室吸烟
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