职称英语2022模拟试卷241

1. [单选题]The moon was obscured by thick clouds.

A. held
B. prevented
C. darkened
D. blackened

2. [单选题]All of the following might have contributed to globalization except__________．

阅读材料，回答下面的题目。The Diminishing Scientific Leadership of the U, S.With the rapid globalization of science itself ( more than 40 percent of scientific Ph.D. students trained in the United States are now foreign nationals, roughly half of whom return to their countries of origin ) , the once undisputed U.S.scientific lead, whether relevant to product lead or not, is diminishing. The competition of foreign students for positions in U.S.graduate schools has also contributed to making scientific training relatively unattractive to U.S.students, because the rapidly increasing supply of students has diminished the relative rewards of this career path. For the best and brightest from low-income countries, a position as a research assistant in the United States is attractive, whereas the best and brightest U.S.students might now see better options in other fields. Science and engineering careers, to the extent that they are opening up to foreign competition ( whether imported or available through better communication ) , also seem to be becoming relatively less attractive to U.S. students. With respect to the role of universities in the innovation process the speculative boom of the 1990s( which, among other things, made it possible to convert scientific findings into cash rather quickly ) was largely unexpected.The boom brought universities and their faculties into much closer contact with private markets as they tried to gain as much of the economic dividends from their discoveries as possible. For a while,the path between discoveries in basic science and new flows of hard cash was considerably shortened. But during the next few decades, this path will likely revert toward its more traditional length and reestablish in a healthy way, the more traditional ( and more independent ) relationship between the basic research done at universities and those entities that translate ideas into products and services.In the intervening years, another new force also greatly facilitated globalization: the rapid growth of the Internet and cheap wide-bandwidth international communication. Today, complex design activities can take place in locations quite removed from manufacturing, other business functions and the consumer. Indeed, there is now ample opportunity for real-time communication between business functions that are quite independent of their specific locations. For example, software are development, with all its changes and complications, can to a considerable extent be done overseas for a U.S.customer.Foreign call centers can respond instantly to questions from thousands of miles away.The result is that low-wage workers in the Far East and in some other countries are coming into even more direct competition with a much wider spectrum of U.S. labor: unskilled in the case of call centers; more highly skilled in the case of programmers.

A. the unprecedented development of Intemet
B. the closer contact of universities with private markets
C. real time communication between business functions
D. the prevalence of wide bandwidth international communication

3. [单选题]The author is most concerned with the possibility that after a few decades__________．

阅读材料，回答下面的题目。The New Technology ApplicationOn a more mundane level, third-generation mobile telephones, despite all the delays and the billions squandered on 3G licenses by telecom firms, are still expected to offer consumers high-speed, always on mobile internet access, complete with video, in the next few years.Rapidly proliferating "WiFi" networks already offer wireless access on a local basis. Tiny tracking chips called radio-frequency identification devices are being used as pet passports.Soon they will be small, powerful and cheap enough to be implanted into everything form humans to milkcartons recording and transmitting real-time medical data, or serving as a form of inventory control.Sensors of every kind, including video cameras, should also become much smaller and cheaper.Forrester Research, a technology consultancy, predicts that 14 billion such devices will be connected to the internet by 2005.How rapidly such new technology is introduced will depend on a number of factors the state of the economy, the supply of investment capital and the appetite of consumers for new products or services ! Fortunes will be made and lost many times over.But whatever happens, the power of computing and communications look set to continue to grow, and its price to fall, at a steady rate for the next few decades.That will make it possible, at least in rich countries, to record most human interactions, wherever and whenever they take place, and to store and analyze this ocean of data at low cost.For the sake of argument, this survey will assume that we are heading towards a networked society of ubiquitous, mobile Communication capable of constant monitoring.Whether this arrives in 20,30 or 40 years does not really matter.The point is that the destination seems not merely possible, but probable, so it is not toosoon to ask: What do we want this technology to do?The internet has already thrown up a host of legal and political conundrums, but, these are only a small foretaste of the dilemmas about privacy, security, intellectual property and the nature of government itself that will have to be faced over the coming decades.The debate has already begun. This survey will outline some of main issues, and speculate on the way they are likely to go. Radio-frequency identification devices__________.

A. the supply of investment capital is likely to decrease considerably
B. consumers’appetite for new products or services will lessen tremendously
C. fortunes will be made and lost many times over
D. most human interactions can be easily monitored

4. [单选题]The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.

A. copy
B. publish
C. summarize
D. furnish

5. [单选题]The majority of people around here are decent.

A. real
B. honest
C. normal
D. wealthy

6. [单选题] 

A. take
B. contain
C. consume
D. consist

7. [单选题]The word "eccentric" in the second paragraph most probably means__________

根据以下材料回答下面的题目：Academic MobilityScholars and students have always been great travelers. "Academic mobility" is now often stated as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind means also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have an interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassured to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last twenty years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aero plane, making contact between scholars even in most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge. Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centers of leaming, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition, one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests ale precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.It can be concluded from the passage that "academic mobility"__________

A. a rather strange person
B. a person of no exceptional ability
C. an ambitions person
D. peculiar or unusual

8. [单选题]第59题应选：

回答下面的题目：UndergrOund Coal Fires Coal burning deep underground in China, India and Indonesia is threatening the environment and human life, scientists have warned. These large scale 51 blazes ( 火焰 ) cause the ground temperature to heat up and kill surrounding vegetation, produce greenhouse gases and can 52 ignite ( 点燃) forest fires, a group of scientists told the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Denver. The resulting 53 of poisonous elements like mercury can also pollute local water sources and soils, they warned."Coal fires are a global disaster," said Associate Professor Glenn Stracher of East Georgia Collage in Swainsboro, USA. But 54 few people know about them.Coal can heat up on its own, and eventually catch fire and burn, if there is a continuous oxygen supply. The heat produced is not caused to 55 and under the right combinations of sunlight and oxygen, can trigger spontaneous ( 自发的 ) catching fire and burning. This can occur underground, in coal stockpiles, abandoned mines or even as coal is transported. 56 fires in China consume up to 200 million tons of coal per year, delegates were told. In 57 , the U.S. economy consumes about one billion tons of coal annually, said Stracher, 58 analysis of the likely impact of coal fires has been accepted for publication in the International Joomal of Acoal Ecology.. 59 underway, coal fires can burn for decades, even centuries. In the process, they release large 60 of greenhouse gases, poisonous fumes and black particles into the atmosphere.The members of the panel discussed the 61 these fires may be having on global and regional climate change, and agreed that the underground nature of the fires makes them difficult to 62Ultimately, the remote sensing and other techniques should allow scientists to 63 how much carbon dioxide these fires are emitting ( 释放 ). One suggested 64 of containing the fires was presented by Gary Colaizzi, of the engineering firm Goodson, which has developed a heat-resistant grout ( 灌浆 ), which is designed to be pumped into the coal fire to 65 the oxygen supply.第51题应选：

A. Yet
B. Unless
C. Although
D. Once

9. [单选题]请在第____处填上正确答案。

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。 请在第____处填上正确答案。

A. extensive   
B. interactive   
C. selective
D. intensive

10. [单选题]This was disaster on a cosmic scale.

A. modest
B. huge
C. commercial
D. national

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