下列选项中，掌握载人航天技术国家的先后顺序是( )。

【名词&注释】

《巴黎圣母院》(notredamede paris)、《呼啸山庄》、文体活动(recreational activities)、《悲惨世界》(pathetic world)、《警察与赞美诗》(the cop and the anthem)、《人间喜剧》(la comedie humaine)、先后顺序、载人航天技术、浪漫主义文学运动、《高老头》

[单选题]下列选项中，掌握载人航天技术国家的先后顺序是( )。

A. 苏联、中国、美国
B. 美国、苏联、中国
C. 苏联、美国、中国
D. 中国、苏联、美国

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学习资料：

[单选题]下列选项中，作家与作品对应不正确的是( )。

A. 欧·亨利--《麦琪的礼物》
B. 巴尔扎克--《欧也尼·葛朗台》
C. 雨果--《悲惨世界》
D. 狄更斯--《呼啸山庄》

[单选题]外语兴趣小组活动属于( )。

A. 文体活动
B. 科技活动
C. 社会活动
D. 学科活动

[单选题]Passage 2 Taylor Swift, the seven-time Grammy winner, is known for her articulate lyrics, so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry. Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. "This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless:' Swift wrote. "In this moment in music, stepping out of your comfort zone is rewarded, and sonic evolution is not only accepted...it is celebrated. The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S. music report, which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales. This could be the 2013 story all over again, in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads, whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year, except that even including streams, album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014. Streaming has grown even more than it did last year, 42 percent compared to 32 percent, but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music.Consider this.in 2014 to date, Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million. In the comparable period of 2013, the total came to 731.7 million.Swift, one of the few artists able to pull off stadium tours, believes it's all about quality. "People are still buying albums, but now they're buying just a few of them:' she wrote. "They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." In 2000, album sales peaked at 785 million. Last year, they were down t0 415.3 million. Swift is right, but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows, it's too late. Sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year, according to Nielsen, and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto. The top 10 also includes records by the aging or dead, such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers. More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations, either. the Black Keys, Beck and the Arctic Monkeys. None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts, including or excluding streams. The top-selling album so far this year, by a huge margin, is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit, Frozen. When, like me, you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released In Utero), it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days:' a term even the 23-year old Swift uses. My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list. But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do, they no longer find much worth hearing.The way the music industry works now may have something to do with that. In the old days, musicians showed their work to industry executives, the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition, too, is eroding). The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds. Sometimes they followed the public taste, and sometimes they strove to shape it, taking big financial and career risks in the process. These days, according to Swift, it's all about the social networks. "A friend of mine, who is an actress, told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses, the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers:' Swift wrote. "In the future, artists will get record deals because they have fans - not the other way around." The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon). They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity. That's why YouTube made Psy a star, but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatlemania. Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers, but he's no Jack White. In the music industry's heyday, it produced a lot of schlock. But it got great music out to the masses, too. These days, it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making music, it may mean not getting heard. For fans it means less good music to stream and download. Well, there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgia, I guess.

How does the writer perceive Swift's attitude towards the future of the music industry?

A. She is no doubt over-optimistic about it
B. She is too young to make a reliable Judgment
C. She is professional enough to predicate it wisely
D. She doesn' t follow what others have said about it

[单选题] There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的) amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word "workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production-a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics, there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physieally and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities. There is a belief that it is desirable "to work hard and play hard" and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon:"The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America's competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down (折磨) sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache."

An individual who is addicted to work is ________.

A. a drug addict
B. a compulsive worker
C. an alcoholic
D. a competitive worker

[单选题]Which of the following tasks fails to develop students' skill of recognizing discourse patterns?

A. Analyzing the structure of difficult sentences.
B. Checking the logic ofthe author's arguments.
C. Getting the scrambled sentences into a paragraph.
D. Marking out common openers to stories and jokes.

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