孔子日：“上好礼，则民莫敢不敬。上好义，则民莫敢不服。上好信

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[单选题]孔子日：“上好礼，则民莫敢不敬。上好义，则民莫敢不服。上好信，则民莫敢不用情。夫如是，则四方之民襁负其子而至矣！焉用稼？”这段话表明孔子的施教内容( )。

A. 具有灵活性
B. 脱离社会生产
C. 具有全面性
D. 结合社会生产

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学习资料：

[单选题] In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world-with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc.-to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms. In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort. to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership. At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities-while still popular in elite colleges and universities-have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers. Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of "real world" education-which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do. It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.

What is the author's opinion about today's education?

A. America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.
B. Americans do not pay enough attention to humanistic studies.
C. The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.
D. Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.

[单选题]初中教育具有基础性，它担任着双重的任务，是指( )。

A. 既学习文化知识，又培养道德行为
B. 既学习理科，又学习文科
C. 既为升学打基础，又为就业打基础
D. 既培养个人能力，又促进经并发展

[单选题]"不愤不启""不悱不发"见于( )。

A. 《大学》
B. 《中庸》
C. 《论语》
D. 《学记》

[单选题]学习评价是对学生学习发展情况作出的价值判断。从评价的功能分析，随堂测验属于( )。

A. 诊断性评价
B. 形成性评价
C. 总结性评价
D. 安置性评价

[单选题]请阅读 Passage 2,完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 2 　　IF YOU want something done,the saying goes,give it to a busy person.It is an odd way to guarantee hitting deadlines.But a paper recently published in the Journal of Consumer Research suggests it may,in fact,be true-as long as the busy person conceptualises the deadline in the right way. 　　Yanping Tu of the University of Chicago and Dilip Soman of the University of Toronto 　　examined how individuals go about both thinking about and completing tasks.Previous studies have shown that such activity progresses through four distinct phases: pre-decision,post-decision (but pre-action),action and review.It is thought that what motivates the shift from the decision-making stages to the doing-something stage is a change in mindset. 　　Human beings are a deliberative sort,weighing the pros and cons of future actions and remaining open to other ideas and influences.However,once a decision is taken,the mind becomes more "implemental" and focuses on the task at hand."The mindset towards 'where can I get a sandwich'," explains Ms Tu,"is more implemental than the mindset towards 'should I get a sandwich or not?'" 　　Ms Tu and Dr Soman advise in their paper that "the key step in getting things done is to get started." But what drives that? They believe the key that unlocks the implemental mode lies in how people categorise time.They suggest that tasks are more likely to be viewed with an implemental mindset if an imposed deadline is cognitively linked to "now" -a so-called like-the-present scenario.That might be a future date within the same month or calendar year,or pegged to an event with a familiar spot in the mind's timeline (being given a task at Christmas,say,with a deadline of Easter).Conversely,they suggest,a deadline placed outside such mental constructs (being "unlike-the-present" ) exists merely as a circle on a calendar,and as such is more likely to be considered deliberatively and then ignored until the last minute. 　　To flesh out this ideA.the pair carried out five sets of tests,with volunteers ranging from farmers in India to undergraduate students in Toronto.In one test,the farmers were offered a financial incentive to open a bank account and make a deposit within six months.The researchers predicted those approached in June would consider a deadline before December 31st as like-the-present.Those approached in July,by contrast,received a deadline into the next year,and were expected to think of their deadline as unlike-the-present.The distinction worked.Those with a deadline in the same year were nearly four times more likely to open the account immediately as those for whom the deadline lay in the following year.Arbitrary though calendars may be in parsing up the continuous fiow of time,humans parse their concept of time in line with them. 　　The effect can manifest itselfin even subtler ways.In another set of experiments,undergraduate students were given a calendar on a Wednesday and were asked to suggest an appropriate day to carry out certain tasks before the following Sunday.The trick was that some were given a calendar with all of the weekdays coloured purple,with weekends in beige (making a visual distinction between a Wednesday and the following Sunday).Others were given a calendar in which every other week,Monday to Sunday,was a solid colour (meaning that a Wednesday and the following Sunday were thus in the same week,and in the same colour).Even this minor visual cue affected how like-or unlike-the-present the respondents tended to view task priorities. 　　These and other bits of framing and trickery in the research support the same thesis: that making people link a future event to today triggers an implemental response,regardless of how far in the future the deadline actually lies.If the journey of l,000 miles starts with a single step,the authors might suggest that you take that step before this time next week.

What is the author's primary purpose in writing this passage?

A. Illustrating the key point in meeting a deadline.
B. Contrasting Yanping Tu's experiment with Dilip Somans.
C. Manifesting how visual cues affect people's perception of deadline.
D. Comparing a like-the-present deadline with an unlike-the-present one.

[单选题]当学生获得好的成绩后，老师和家长给予表扬和鼓励，这符合桑代克学习规律中的( )。

A. 准备律
B. 练习律
C. 动机律
D. 效果律

[单选题]全面发展教育是为了促进人的全面和谐发展而实施的教育，学校进行全面发展教育的基本途径是( )。

A. 课外活动
B. 实践活动
C. 教学活动
D. 班主任工作

[单选题]提出教学过程最优化思想的是( )。

A. 赞科夫
B. 巴班斯基
C. 乌申斯基
D. 维果茨基

[单选题]某班的班干部在看到班上的同学违反纪律时，会将情况报告给老师，这体现出的高级情感是( )。

A. 道德感
B. 权威感
C. 归属感
D. 理智感

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