学历考试2022考研笔试每日一练(05月31日)

1. [单选题]爱迪生在发明电灯之前做了两千多实验，有个年轻的记者曾经问他为什么遭遇这么多次失败。爱迪生回答：“我一次都没有失败。我发明了电灯。这只是一段经历了两千步的历程。”爱迪生之所以说“我一次都没有失败”，是因为他把每一次实验都看作

A. 认识中所获得的相对真理^{(relative truth)}
B. 整个实践过程中的一部分
C. 对事物规律的正确反映
D. 实践中可以忽略不计的偶然挫折

2. [多选题]第二次世界大战结束以来，随着国家垄断资本主义的形成和发展，资产阶级^(bourgeois)国家对经济进行的干预明显加强，从而使得资本主义社会的经济调节机制发生了显著变化。与这种变化相适应，经济危机形态也发生了很大变化。其主要表现是

A. 经济危机更多地表现为金融危机的频繁发生
B. 经济危机通常由国家间的贸易失衡直接引发
C. 经济危机各阶段的交替过程已不十分明显
D. 经济危机的破坏作用只局限于发达资本主义国家

3. [多选题]应中国总理李克强的邀请，俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫、印度总理辛格和蒙古国总理阿勒坦呼亚格于2013年10月22日开始分别对中国进行正式访问。来自中国三个陆上邻国的领导人，在同一天开启中国之行，这样密集的双边访问在中国外交史上实属罕见。这一外交动向

A. 体现了中国经济发展的吸引力
B. 深化了中国与俄印蒙三国间的盟友关系
C. 反映了中国周边外交行动的延续和加速
D. 顺应了互利共赢的时代潮流

4. [多选题]茶文化在我国有悠久的历史，茶叶因生长环境的差异而带有不同的味道，一些人根据多年的经验给自己所品尝的茶以特殊的名字。以来显示它的独特之处，“东方美人”是台湾苗粟出产的一种名茶，它由当地客家人种植，是被小绿叶蝉咬过的乌龙茶叶。很久以前。英国女王偶尔品尝到此茶，将悬在茶杯里的茶叶赞叹为“正在跳舞的东方美女”，茶名由此而得。这种茶的曼妙之处还在于可用冰水浸泡。透过冰滴壶，一滴滴冰水滤过茶叶。茶汤香气馥郁。色若琥珀。这表明

A. 一事物区别于它事物就在于矛盾的特殊性^{(particularity of contradiction)}
B. 世界上的一切事物都具有自觉反映的特性
C. 人的认识是在实践中不断的深化和发展的
D. 人为事物的联系形成后不在人的意识之外

5. [单选题]根据以下资料，回答{TSE}题。In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.{TS}Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

A. poor bargaining skill.
B. insensitivity to fashion.
C. obsession with high fashion.
D. lack of imagination.

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