2022职称英语考试题195

1. [单选题]To absorb a younger work force, many companies offered retirement plans as incentives for older workers to retire and make way for the younger ones who earned lower salaries.

A. rewards
B. opportunities
C. motives
D. stimulus

2. [单选题]The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and variety of bacteria.

A. unavoidable
B. unchangeable
C. unbelievable
D. unpredictable

3. [单选题]The purpose of a custom is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry and workers from foreign competition.

A. tax
B. toll
C. fee
D. tariff

4. [单选题]请在第__(57)__处填上正确答案。

根据材料，完成下面的题目。Public Relations Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases,designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, usually in the51of press releases or press conferences. Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually.52outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. Thisorganizational placement can be a 53 because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in line with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination can be the54. Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence55 the public image, this influence generally maybe less than 56 provided by the other components of the public image mix. Publicity nay be in the form of news releases that have57overtones for the company initiate by the public relations department. Publicity on the other 58 should not be divorced from the marketing department,as it can 59 a useful adjunct( 辅助 ) to the regular advertising. 60 , not all publicity is initiated by the firm; some can 61from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of 62that are controversial or even downright ill-advertised.The 63we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding( 自欺 ) itself if it thinks its public relations function,whether within the company or an outside firm, can take 64 of public image and opportunities. Many of these have to do with the way the 65 does business, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, etc.请在第__(51)__处填上正确答案。

A. serious
B. negative
C. favorable 
D. provide

5. [单选题]The first attempt made by European people to settle downpermanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.

回答下面的题目：The First Settlement in North AmericaIt is very difficult to say just when colonization began. Thefirst hundred years after Christopher Columbus journey of discovery in 1492 didnot produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather someSpanish trading posts further south, a great interest in gold and adventure,and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cahot,originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader inBristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship,the Matthew,with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island prohably off the NewEngland coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across thenorth Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal"title to North AmericA．But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interestin America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America werenearly a hundred years after Columbus first voyage. The Englishman Sir WalterRaleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it VirginiA．In1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island,but theystayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition,led by Drake,in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappearedwhen a further expedition arrived in 1590.The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607.English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based inLondon and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name NewEngland to the northern areA．The first settlers in Virginia were little more thanwage slaves to the company. All were men and the experiment was not verysuccessful. Many dieD．Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By1619 the colony had only a thousand people.We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the15th century,

A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned

6. [单选题]第65题应选：

回答下面的题目:Exercise Being Good or BadCan exercise be a bad thing? Sudden death during or soon after strenuous exertion on the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of. 51 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just 52 common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration andinvestigation of such 53 is very patchy; only a national survey could determine the true 54 of sudden deaths in sports. But the climate of medical opinion is shifting in 55 of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as 56 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack bylowering the 57 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work 58 the patient can do more before reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people, 59 .particular, be screened for signs of heart disease before 60 vigorous exercise?Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart, often in people 61 undiagnosed coronary heart disease. In North America 62 over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing isunnecessary. Not many people die from exercise, 63 , and ECGs ( 心电图 ) are notoriously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people 64 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs 65 , they say, a 10 to 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death.第51题应选：

A. having
B. had
C. having been
D. have

7. [单选题]The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.

回答下面的题目：Easy LearningStudents should be jealous．Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words．Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives．They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds—one that sounds like “oo”, another like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between．EEG recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups．One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who’d heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound．They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Cheour doesn’t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don’t “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep．The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds—so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow．But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.Babies can learn language even in their sleep.

A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned

8. [单选题]Paragraph 4__________________．

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。 Paragraph 2__________________．

A. C

9. [单选题]I’d like to withdraw ￡500 from myCurrent account．

A. 1eave
B. pay
C. put
D. draw

10. [单选题]Promising Results from Cancer Study  　 A new experimental vaccine(疫苗)has shown promising results in the fight against lung cancer．In a small Texas-based study，a vaccine developed by scientists at Baylor University Medical Centre in Dallas，USA，cured lung cancer in some patients and slowed the progress of the disease in others．   　 Researchers have reported encouraging findings from this small study．Forty-three patients suffering from lung cancer were involved in these trials．Ten of these patients were in the early stages and thirty—three in the advanced stages of the disease．They were injected with me Vaccine every two weeks for three months，and were carefully monitored for three years.In three of the patients in me advanced stages of cancer，the disease disappeared and in the others，it did not spread for five to twenty—four months．However，no great difference was seen in the patients in the early stages of the illness．  　 This new vaccine uses the patients’own immune、system．It is made specifically for each patient and is injected into the arm or leg．It stimulates the body’s immune system，which then recognizes that the cancer cells are harmful，and attacks and destroys them.  　 The vaccine could be effective against other forms of cancer．It offers great hope for the treatment of cancer in general，although further studies are needed before such treatment can be widely used．根据以上内容，回答{TSE}题。{TS}The vaccine cured all the participants in the trial．

A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned

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