学历考试2022考研模拟考试库173

1. [单选题]最早明确规定^{(clearly stipulated)}在少数民族聚居区实行民族区域自治制度的法律文件是

A. 《中华人民共和国宪法》
B. 《中华人民共和国民族区域自治实施纲要》
C. 《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》
D. 《中华人民共和国民族区域自治法》

2. [单选题]文化强则中国强。建设社会主义文化强国是实现中华民族伟大复兴的必然要求，其关键是

A. 增强全民族文化创造活力
B. 发展新型文化业态
C. 提高全民族思想道德素质和科学文化素质
D. 提升国家文化软实力

3. [多选题]2013年9月29日，中国（上海）自由贸易试验区正式启动运作，36家中外企业和金融机构颁布证照，首批入驻试验区，建设该试验区的主要任务是

A. 促进转变经济增长方式和优化经济结构
B. 推动加快转变政府职能和行政体制改革
C. 为全面深化改革和扩大开放探索新途径^{(to explore new ways)}、积累新经验
D. 推动构建更加公平合理的市场经济体制

4. [多选题]抗日民主政府在工作人员分配上实行“三三制”原则。即共产党员、非党的左派进步分子和不左不右的中间派各占1／3。这是抗日民主政府在政权建设方面的一个重要内容-对“三三制”政权性质的表述，正确的有

A. 是以无产阶级为首的中国各革命阶级联合专政的政权
B. 是共产党领导的抗日民族统一战线性质的政权
C. 是一切赞成抗日又赞成民主的人们的政权
D. 是几个革命阶级联合起来对于汉奸和反动派的民主专政

5. [多选题]土地、资本以及科技、知识、信息等生产要素参与价值分配表明

A. 实质是生产要素所有权在经济上的实现
B. 各种非劳动生产要素参与了社会财富的创造并且是价值创造的物质条件
C. 各种非劳动生产要素是价值的源泉
D. 各种非劳动生产要素和劳动力要素共同创造价值

6. [单选题]正确答案是_______.

A. G

7. [单选题]What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?

A. A desire to secure a better life for all.
B. An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
C. An urge to be generous to the claimants.
D. A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.

8. [单选题]To which of the following would the author most probably agree?

A. The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.
B. Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.
C. The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.
D. Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.

9. [单选题]What can be learned from the last paragraph?

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial .Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

A. Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
B. Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.
C. Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
D. The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

10. [单选题]According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

A. combat unnecessary waste.
B. shut out the feverish fashion world.
C. resist the influence of advertisements.
D. shop for their garments more frequently.

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