2022考研优质每日一练(07月21日)

1. [单选题]爱迪生在发明电灯之前做了两千多实验，有个年轻的记者曾经问他为什么遭遇这么多次失败。爱迪生回答：“我一次都没有失败。我发明了电灯。这只是一段经历了两千步的历程。”爱迪生之所以说“我一次都没有失败”，是因为他把每一次实验都看作

A. 认识中所获得的相对真理^{(relative truth)}
B. 整个实践过程中的一部分
C. 对事物规律的正确反映
D. 实践中可以忽略不计的偶然挫折

2. [多选题]在共产主义实现的历史必然性中就包含着无产阶级和先进人类对共产主义理想的追求，社会主义代替资本主义和最后实现共产主义的历史进程，离不开

A. 工人阶级及其政党的能动性
B. 社会主义国家建设事业^{(construction cause)}的推进
C. 世界社会主义运动的发展
D. 资本主义基本矛盾^{(basic contradiction of capitalism)}的推动

3. [单选题]正确答案是_______.

A. D

4. [单选题]To which of the following would the author most probably agree?

A. The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.
B. Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.
C. The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.
D. Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.

5. [单选题]According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

A. combat unnecessary waste.
B. shut out the feverish fashion world.
C. resist the influence of advertisements.
D. shop for their garments more frequently.

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