梁启超认为："要进行趣味教育，就要让学生领会学习的乐趣，不能

【名词&注释】

问卷调查(questionnaire)、循序渐进、厄尔尼诺、发展过程、利他行为(altruistic behavior)、紧急情况(emergency)、拔苗助长、责任扩散(diffusion of responsibility)、"一刀切"、英语课程目标(english curriculum objectives)

[单选题]梁启超认为："要进行趣味教育，就要让学生领会学习的乐趣，不能摧残学生学习趣味。而摧残教育趣味的原因其中有一条就是注射式教育。"这就要求教师要开展趣味教育，就要做到( )。

A. 经常开展课外活动，丰富学生课余生活
B. 结合多种教学方法，建立快乐学习课堂
C. 培养学生学习兴趣，引导学生主动学习
D. 积极创设问题情境，满足学生求知需要

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学习资料：

[单选题]人们常说"聪明早慧""大器晚成"，这说明人的身心发展具有( )。

A. 阶段性
B. 互补性
C. 顺序性
D. 差异性

[单选题]最古老也是应用最广最普遍的教学方法是( )。

A. 讨论法
B. 谈话法
C. 讲授法
D. 实践法

[多选题]有关利他行为的情境因素，下列匹配正确的是( )。

A. 责任扩散^{(diffusion of responsibility)}--请求路人做问卷调查，拒绝率随问卷题目数量的增加而提高
B. 情境的模糊--仅听到受害者有紧急的情况比既听到又看到紧急情况而提供帮助的人更少
C. 助人的代价--紧急情境中他人在场会抑制人们的助人行为
D. 环境的界定--当一名患者请求从他的口袋里取出药片时比别人不知道如何帮助时更容易得到帮助

[单选题]Passage 2 Scientists have been surprised at how deeply culture-the language we speak, the values we absorb-shapes the brain, and are rethinking findings derived from studies of Westerners. To take one recent example, a region behind the forehead called the medial prefrontal cortex supposedly represents the self: it is active when we ("we" being the Americans in the study) think of our own identity and traits. But with Chinese volunteers, the results were strikingly different. The "me" circuit hummed not only when they thought whether a particular adjective described themselves, but also when they considered whether it described their mother. The Westerners showed no such overlap between self and mom. Depending whether one lives in a culture that views the self as autonomous and unique or as connected to and part of a larger whole, this neural circuit takes on quite different functions. "Cultural neuroscince," as this new field is called, is about discovering such differences. Some of the findings, as with the "me/mom" circuit, buttress longstanding notions of cultural differences.For instance, it is a cultural cliche that Westerners focus on individual objects while East Asians pay attention to context and background (another manifestation of the individualism-collectivism split). Sure enough, when shown complex, busy scenes, Asian-Americans and non-Asian-Americans recruited different brain regions. The Asians showed more activity in areas that process figure-ground relations-holistic context-while the Americans showed more activity in regions that recognize objects. Psychologist Nalini Ambady of Tufts found something similar when she and colleagues showed drawings of people in a submissive pose (head down, shoulders hunched) or a dominant one (arms crossed, face forward) to Japanese and Americans. The brain's dopamine-fueled reward circuit became most active at the sight of the stance-dominant for Americans, submissive for Japanese-that each volunteer's culture most values, they reported in 2009. This raises an obvious chicken-and-egg question, but the smart money is on culture shaping the brain, not vice versa. Cultural neuroscience wouldn't be making waves if it found neurobiological bases only for well-known cultural differences. It is also uncovering the unexpected. For instance, a 2006 study found that native Chinese speakers use a different region of the brain to do simple arithmetic (3+4) or decide which number is larger than native English speakers do, even though both use Arabic numerals. The Chinese use the circuits that process visual and spatial information and plan movements (the latter may be related to the use of the abacus). But English speakers use language circuits. It is as if the West conceives numbers as just words, but the East imbues them with symbolic, spatial freight. (Insert cliche about Asian math geniuses) "One would think that neural processes involving basic mathematical computations are universal:' says Ambady, but they "seem to be culture-specific." Not to be the skunk at this party, but I think it's important to ask whether neuroscience reveals anything more than we already know from, say, anthropology. For instance, it's well known that East Asian cultures prize the collective over the individual, and that Americans do the opposite. Does identifying brain correlates of those values offer any extra insight? After all, it's not as if anyone thought those values are the result of something in the liver. Ambady thinks cultural neuro-science does advance understanding. Take the me/mom finding, which, she argues, "attests to the strength of the overlap between self and people close to you in collectivistic cultures and the separation in individualistic cultures. It is important to push the analysis to the level of the brain." Especially when it shows how fundamental cultural differences are-so fundamental, perhaps, that "universal" notions such as human rights, democracy, and the like may be no such thing.

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined phrase "making waves" in Paragraph 3?

A. Drawing criticism
B. Receiving suspicion
C. Attracting attention
D. Causing disagreement

[单选题]English course objectives at the stage of basic education include five aspects, that is, students' language skills, language knowledge, emotional attitude, cultural awareness and ________.

A. learning level
B. practical activities
C. learning strategies
D. habits of thinking

[单选题] A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an.authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animals and plant species in all countries. Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asian and Africa. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost (永久冻土带) is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges pole-ward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.

Temperatures all over the world ________.

A. rose 5℃ in the 1990s
B. were the highest in 1990s
C. are recorded on file to researcb global warming
D. either increase or decrease depending on the location

[单选题]找规律填数字是一个很有趣的活动，特别锻炼观察和思考能力。下列选项中，填入数列“101、169、305、577、( )、2209” 空缺处的数字，正确的是

A. 1118
B. 1119
C. 1120
D. 1121

[单选题]下列表述，与“并非‘只有本地人当经理，才能把企业搞好’”的判断一致的是

A. 要想把企业搞好，必须由本地人当经理
B. 只要把企业搞好了，谁来当经理都可以
C. 不由本地人当经理，也可以把企业搞好
D. 不由本地人当经理， 就不能把企业搞好

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