简述活动课程的特点。

【名词&注释】

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[多选题]简述活动课程的特点。

A. 活动课程又称儿童中心课程、经验课程，是打破学科逻辑组织的界限，从儿童的兴趣和需要出发，以活动为中心组织的课程。活动课程的代表人物是杜威。活动课程的特点有以下几个方面。(1)从儿童的需要、兴趣和个性出发设计课程。(2)以儿童的心理发展顺序为中心编制课程。(3)主张儿童在活动中探索、尝试错误，学到方法。

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学习资料：

[单选题]"罢黜百家，独尊儒术"是由谁提出来的？( )

A. 孔子
B. 苏格拉底
C. 柏拉图
D. 董仲舒

[单选题]( )是班级管理的核心。

A. 学生的发展
B. 教师的能力
C. 学生的能力
D. 教师的发展

[单选题]心理学家通常把教师期望的预言效应称为( )。

A. 定势效应
B. 晕轮效应
C. 首因效应
D. 皮格马利翁效应

[单选题]"小型分散"便于开展多种多样的活动，满足学生的兴趣、爱好，发展学生的才能，使学生得到更多的学习和锻炼机会，这种课外活动形式是( )。

A. 科技活动
B. 小组活动
C. 个人活动
D. 学科活动

[单选题]在记圆周率时，教师编了顺口溜"山顶一寺一壶酒，尔乐苦煞吾"来帮助学生记忆，这种记忆法是( )。

A. 形象联想记忆法
B. 谐音联想记忆法
C. 首字连词法
D. 机械记忆法

[单选题]理性一情绪疗法是由美国临床心理学家( )创立的一种心理治疗体系。

A. 皮亚杰
B. 斯金纳
C. 艾利斯
D. 奥苏贝尔

[单选题]请阅读Passage 1，完成1~5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　With her magical first novel,Garcia joins a growing chorus of talented Latino writers whose voices are suddenly reaching a far wider,more diverse audience.Unlike Latin American writers such as Colombia's Gabriel Garcia Marquee of Peru's Mario Vargas Llosa-whose translated works became popular here in the 1970s-these authors are writing in English and drawing their themes from two cultures.Their stories,from Dreaming in Cuban to Julia Alvarez's How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accent and Victor Villasenor's rain of GolD.offer insight into the mixture of economic opportunity and discrimination that Latinos encounter in the United States.Garcia Girls for example,is the story of four sisters weathering their transition from wealthy Dominicans to ragtag immigrants,"We didn't feel we had the beat the United States had to offer," one of the girls says,"We had only second-hand stuff,rental houses in one redneck Catholic neighborhood after another,clothes at Round Robin,a black and white TV afflicted with wavy lines." Alvarez,a Middlebury College professor who emigrated from santo Domingo when she was 10,says being an immigrant has given her a special vantage point: "We travel on that border between two worlds and we can see both points ofview." 　　With few exceptions,such as Chicano writer Rudolfo AnayA.many Hispanic-Americans have been writing in virtual obscurity for years,nurtured only by small presses like Houston's Arte Publico or the Bilingual Press in Tempe,Ariz.Only with the recent success of sandra Cisneros's Woman Hollering Creek and Oscar Hijuelos's prize-winning novel,The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love,have mainstream publishers begun opening door to other Latinos.Julie Grau,Cisneros's editor at Turtle Bay,says,"editors may now be looking more carefully at a book that before they would have deemed too exotic for the general readership." 　　But if Villasenor's experience is any indication,some editors are still wary.In 1989,Putnam gave Villasenor a $75,000 advance for the hardcover rights to rain of GolD.the compelling saga of his family's migration from Mexico to CaliforniA.But the editors,says Villasenor,wanted major changes: "They were going to destroy the book.It's nonfiction; they wanted to publish it as a novel. And they wanted to change the title to 'Rio Grande',which sounded like some old John Wayne 　　movie." After a year of strained relations,he mortgaged his house,borrowed his mother's life savings and bought back the rights to the book that had taken 10 years to write. 　　In frustration,Villasenor turned to Arte Publico.In the eight months since its release,rain of Gold has done extremely well,considering its limited distribution; 20,000 copies have been sold."If we were a mainstream publisher,this book would have been on The New York Times best-seller list for weeks," says Arte Pulico's Nicolas Kanelos.The author may still have a shot: he has sold the paperback rights to Dell.And he was just named a keynote speaker (with Molly Ivins and Norman Schwarzkopf) for the American Booksellers Association convention in May.Long before they gained this sort of attention,however,Villasenor,Cisneros and other Latino writers were quietly building devoted followings.Crossing the country,they read in local bookstores,libraries and schools.Their stories,they founD.appeal not only to Latinos- 　　who identify with them,but to a surprising number ofAnglos,who find in them a refreshingly different perspective on American life.Still,there are unusual pressures on these writers.Cisneros vividly recalls the angst she went through in writing the final short stories for Woman Hollering: "I was traumatized that it was going to be one of the first Chicano books 'out there'.I felt I had this responsibility to my community to represent us in all our diversity."

What advantage do the new generation Latino writers have over Latin American writers according to the passage?

A. The former are able to write in two different languages.
B. The former can translate their works into different languages.
C. The former are able to express ideas from a bi-cultural perspective.
D. The former can travel freely across the border between two countries.

[单选题]关于问题情境与问题解决关系表述正确的一项是( )。

A. 问题情境所包含的事物太多或太少都不利于问题的解决
B. 问题情境中的刺激模式与个人知识结构是胥接近对问题解决没有影响
C. 问题情景中失误的空间安排与问题解决没有关系
D. "心理眩惑"有助于问题解决

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