2022学历考试考研模拟冲刺试卷229

1. [单选题]爱迪生在发明电灯之前做了两千多实验，有个年轻的记者曾经问他为什么遭遇这么多次失败。爱迪生回答：“我一次都没有失败。我发明了电灯。这只是一段经历了两千步的历程。”爱迪生之所以说“我一次都没有失败”，是因为他把每一次实验都看作

A. 认识中所获得的相对真理
B. 整个实践过程中的一部分
C. 对事物规律的正确反映
D. 实践中可以忽略不计的偶然挫折

2. [多选题]钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿是中国领土不可分割的^{(indivisible)}一部分。中国最早发现、命名、利用和管辖钓鱼岛。1895年，请朝在甲午战争中战败，被迫与日本签署不平等的《马关条约》，割让“台湾全岛及所有附属各岛屿”。钓鱼岛等作为台湾“附属岛屿”一并被割让给日本。1941年12月，中国政府正式对日宣战，宣布废除中日之间的一切条约。日本投降后，依据有关国际文件规定，钓鱼岛作为台湾的附属岛屿应与台湾一并归还中国。这些国际文件是

A. 《日本投降书》
B. 《波茨坦公告》^{(the potsdam proclamation)}
C. 《开罗宣言》
D. 《德黑兰宣言》

3. [单选题]一切从实际出发、理论联系实际、实事求是的马克思主义思想路线^{(marxist ideological line)}，在全党范围确立了起来是在

A. 遵义会议
B. 中共六届六中全会
C. 延安整风
D. 中共七大

4. [多选题]中国特色社会主义道路之所以完全正确。之所以能够引领中国发展进步．关键在手既坚持科学社会主义的基本原则又根据我国实际和时代特征赋予其鲜明的中国特色。党的十八大赋予中国特色社会主义道路以新的含义，包括有

A. 社会生态文明 
B. 促进人的全面发展
C. 逐步实现人全体人民共同富裕
D. 实现四八现代化

5. [多选题]茶文化在我国有悠久的历史，茶叶因生长环境的差异而带有不同的味道，一些人根据多年的经验给自己所品尝的茶以特殊的名字。以来显示它的独特之处，“东方美人”是台湾苗粟出产的一种名茶，它由当地客家人种植，是被小绿叶蝉咬过的乌龙茶叶。很久以前。英国女王偶尔品尝到此茶，将悬在茶杯里的茶叶赞叹为“正在跳舞的东方美女”，茶名由此而得。这种茶的曼妙之处还在于可用冰水浸泡。透过冰滴壶，一滴滴冰水滤过茶叶。茶汤香气馥郁。色若琥珀。这表明

A. 一事物区别于它事物就在于矛盾的特殊性
B. 世界上的一切事物都具有自觉反映的特性
C. 人的认识是在实践中不断的深化和发展的
D. 人为事物的联系形成后不在人的意识之外

6. [单选题]The critics think that the new awards will most benefit

A. the profit-oriented scientists.
B. the founders of the new awards.
C. the achievement-based system.
D. peer-review-led research.

7. [单选题]正确答案是_______.

A. F

8. [单选题]What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?

A. A desire to secure a better life for all.
B. An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
C. An urge to be generous to the claimants.
D. A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.

9. [单选题]To which of the following would the author most probably agree?

A. The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.
B. Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.
C. The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.
D. Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.

10. [单选题]It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial .Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

A. violated the Constitution.
B. undermined the states’ interests.
C. supported the federal statute.
D. stood in favor of the states.

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