21.请阅读Passage 1，完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　Self-

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[单选题]21.请阅读Passage 1，完成第1～5小题。 　　Passage 1 　　Self-driving vehicles threaten to send truck drivers to the unemployment office.Computerprograms can now write journalistic accounts of sporting events and stock price movements.There are even computers that can grade essay exams with reasonable accuracy,which could revolutionizemy own job.Increasingly,machines are providing not only the “brawn” but the brains,too.And thatraises “the question” of where humans fit into this picture-who will prosper and who won't in thisnew kind ofmachine economyr? 　　Within five years we are likely to have the world's best education,or close to it,online andfree.But not everyone will sit down and go through the material without a professor pushing themto do the work. 　　Your smartphone will record data on your life and,when asked,will tell you what to do,drawing on data from your home or from your spouse and friends if need be.“You’ve thrown outthat bread the last three times you’ve bought it,give it a pass” will be a text message of the future.How about “Now is not the time to start another argument with your wife”? The GPS is just the beginning of computer-guided instruction.Take your smartphone on a date,and it might vibratein your pocket to indicate “Kiss her now.” If you hesitate for fear of being seen as pushy,it may write:“Who cares ifyou look bad? You are sampling optimally in the quest for a lifetime companion.” 　　A lot ofjobs will consist of making people feel either very good or very bad about themselves.Coaches,mentors and disciplinarians will spread to many areas oflife,at least for those of us whocan stand to listen to them.These people will cajole us,fiatter us and shame us into improving ourlives,our work habits and our consumption. 　　Computing and software will make it easier to measure performance and productivity. 　　It will be harder to gloss over our failings and maintain self-deception.In essence everyone will suffer the fate of professional chess players,who will always know when they have lost a game,have an exact numerical rating for their overall performance,and find excuses for failure hard tocome by. 　　Individuals will have many measures of their proficiency.They will have an incentive todisclose that information to get the better job or social opportunity.You'll assume the worst aboutthose who keep secrets,and so openness will reign.Many of us will start to hate the idea of Big Data.

What makes the instructions sent by smartphones valuable and reliable for people whendoing things?

A. A global positioning system installed in all smartphones.
B. Information collected and elicited by smartphones from your life.
C. An optimal sampling software to store information in smartphones.
D. Vibrations smartphones make in your pocket as a constant reminder.

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学习资料：

[单选题]下列能体现德育方法中榜样示范法的是( )。

A. 惩前毖后，治病救人
B. 言者无罪，闻者足戒
C. 有则改之，无则加勉
D. 桃李不言.下自成蹊

[单选题]教育的心理起源说的代表人物是( )。

A. 桑代克
B. 孟禄
C. 沛西·能
D. 斯金纳

[多选题] 阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。 2016年里约奥运会上，中国女排在前期战局不利、对手强大的情况下，艰苦拼搏，最终战胜塞尔维亚队，又一次登上世界女排的顶峰。国人沸腾，自然而然地称赞"女排精神"。记者采访女排主教练郎平，希望她谈谈"女排精神"。她回答："不要因为我们赢了一场就谈女排精神，也要看到我们努力的过程。女排精神一直在，单靠精神不能赢球，还必须技术过硬。" 　　综合材料的内容，联系社会生活，写一篇论说文。 　　要求： 　　用规范的现代汉语写作。角度自选，立意自定，标题自拟，不少于1000字。

A. 【参考范文】 精神不是成功的全部 "女排精神"是20世纪80年代中国女排夺得五连冠后的经验总结，堪称我国竞技体育运动的瑰宝。很多人因此将"女排精神"视为中国女排夺取一个又一个冠军的决定性因素，每当球队取得胜利就大肆鼓吹精神的力量。然而，郎平却说"单靠精神不能赢球，还必须技术过硬"。 诚然，如果没有科学系统的训练和备战体系，没有女排姑娘们扎实的技术功底、良好的心理素质和不懈的努力，没有郎平针对性的排兵布阵和高超的临场指挥艺术，即使她们不服输的精神再顽强，在技术强悍的对手面前，也是很难夺取冠军的。所以，在前期战局不利、对手强大的情况下，中国女排还是取得了胜利，是因为她们不仅只有"女排精神"，更有着骄人的实力。可见，精神不是成功的全部。 自强不息、奋勇向前的精神，很多人都有，但是能够真正走向成功或成就一番事业的人.除了具有这种精神，往往还具备过人的实力。一代史学家司马迁，想要"究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言"，却遭受宫刑之苦。他能实现自己的理想，写出中国第一部纪传体通史《史记》，不仅仅是因为他经受住了常人难以忍受的身体的摧残、精神的折磨和巨大的人格侮辱，更是因为他过硬的知识储备和才华。司马迁幼时攻读了《古文尚书》《左传》《楚汉春秋》以及诸子百家、骚赋等汉代以前的古书，他父亲传授给了他很多作为太史令的必要知识与技能，他在任史官时还收集了诸多的史实资料。试想一下，若是司马迁未曾有过这些积累，没有满腹才学，纵使他有满腔热情，又何来这史家绝唱？司马迁的成功，是精神的力量，更是他自身在治学修史路上的上下求索。 很多人都有着成为一名教师的理想，凭着自己对学生的热爱，希望能做一名优秀的人民教师。但是，要成为一名优秀的教师，不能仅靠这种精神上的激情。要想做到真正促进学生全面而有个性的发展，教师自身应具备宽广如大海的知识与技能，也就是所谓的"要给学生一杯水，自己得先有一桶水"。首先，教师应具备专业素养，这主要包括敬业精神、专业知识和专业能力。其次，在实际教学过程中，教师要消除职业倦怠，培养坚强的意志力。对于教学工作来说，只有敬业精神是远远不够的。专业知识是教师从事学科教学应该具备的知识，是千好教育工作的基础。最后，作为一名教师，应该具备本学科的教学知识、教育心理学知识以及经常涉及的其他学科知识。总之，作为一名教师，要做到软实力与硬实力两手抓，才能取得教学活动最大的成功，才能成为一名优秀的教师。 冰心曾说："成功之花，人们往往惊羡它现时的明艳，然而当初，它的芽儿却浸透了奋斗的泪泉，洒满了牺牲的血雨。"花儿朝向阳光生长的精神是它生长的动力，却也正是因为一路"浸透了奋斗的泪泉，洒满了牺牲的血雨"才能粲然绽放。

[单选题]《学会生存》-书指出："未来的学校必须把教育的对象变成自己教育自己的主人。受教育的人必须成为教育他自己的人：别人的教育必须成为这个人自己的教育。"这符合素质教育的( )特征。

A. 差异性
B. 全面性
C. 主体性
D. 创新性

[单选题]提出道德认识发展阶段的代表人物是( )。

A. 杜威
B. 马卡连柯
C. 班杜拉
D. 科尔伯格

[单选题]( )主编的《教育学》试图用马克思主义认知论，科学地解释教学过程，揭示学生认识的特点，概括教学过程的基本环节，阐明教学应采用的原则，方法与组织形式，强调教师在教学中的领导作用。

A. 凯洛夫
B. 赫尔巴特
C. 卢梭
D. 杜威

[单选题]Passage 2 　　The subject of ballads, books and films,Robin Hood has proven to be one of popular 　　culture's most enduring folk heroes. Overthe course of 700 years, the outlaw fromNottingham shire who robs the rich to giveto the poor has emerged as one of the most enduring folk heroes in popular culture andone of the most versatile. But how has thelegend of Sherwood Forests merry outlaws evolved over time?Did a real Robin Hoodinspire these classic tales? 　　Beginning in the 15th century and perhaps even earlier, Christian revelers in certain partsof England celebrated May Day with plays and games involving a Robin Hood figure withnear-religious significance. In the 19th century,writer-illustrators like Howard Pyle adaptedthe traditional tales for children, popularizingthem in the United States and around theworld.More recently, bringing Robin to thesilver screen has become a rite of passagefor directors ranging from Michael Curtiz andRidley Scott to Terry Gilliam and Mel Brooks. 　　Throughout Robins existence, writers,performers and filmmakers have probed theirimaginations for new incarnations thatresonate with their respective audiences.In 14th-century England, where agrarian discontent had begun to chip away atthe feudal system, he appears as an anti-establishment rebel who murders government agents and wealthy landowners. Latervariations from times of less social upheaval dispense with the gore and cast Robin as a dispossessed aristocrat with a heart of gold and a love interest, Maid Marian. 　　Academics. meanwhile have combedthe historical record for evidence of a realrobin Hood English legal records suggestthat, as early as the 13th century, “Robehod,”“Rabunhod”and other variations had become common epithets for criminals. But what hadinspired these nicknames: a fictional tale,an infamous bandit or an amalgam of both?The first literary references to Robin Hood appear in a series of 14th-and 15th-century ballads about a violent yeoman who lived inSherwood Forest with his men and frequently clashed with the Sheriff of Nottingham.Rather than a peasant, knight or fallennoble, as in later versions, the protagonistof these medieval storiesis a commonerLittle John and Will Scarlet are part of thisRobin's “merry”crew--meaning, at the time, anoutlaws gang--but Maid Marian, Friar Tuck and Alan-a-Dale would not enter the legend untillater, possibly as part of the May Day rituals. 　　While most contemporary scholarshave failed to turn up solid clues, medieval chroniclers took or granted that a historicalRobin Hood lived and breathed during the 12thor 13th century. The details of their accountsvary widely, however, placing him in conflictingregions and eras. Not until John Majors“History of Greater Britain”(1521), for example,is he depicted as a follower of King Richard,one of his defining characteristics in moderntimes. 　　We may never know for sure whetherRobin Hood ever existed outside the versesof ballads and pages of books. And even ifwe did, fans, young and old, would still surelyflock to England's Nottinghamshire region for a tour of the legends alleged former hangouts,from centuries-old pubs to the Major Oak inSherwood Forest. What we do know is thatthe notion of a brave rebel who live on theoutskirts of society, fighting injustice andoppression with his band of companions, hauniversal appeal-whether he's played by ErrollFlynn, Russell Crowe or even, as on a 1979 episode of“The Muppet Show,” Kermit the Frog.

Which of the following is closest in meaningto the underlined phrase “a rite of passage”in Paraqraph 2?

A. A milestone event
B. A top agenda
C. A religious ceremony
D. A privileged right

[单选题]If someone says“I know the word”,he should not only understand its meaning but also be able to pronounce,spell,and________it.

A. explain
B. recognize
C. memorize
D. use

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