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Passage 1
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[单选题]请阅读 Passage 1,完成 1~5小题。
Passage 1
Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science,but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance,were determined by technologists,artisans,designers,inventors, and engineers-use nonscientific modes of thought.This kind of thinking way is different from science.Many features and qualities ofthe objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with the mind by a visual,nonverbal process.In the development of Western technology,it has been non-verbal thinking,by and large,that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics,but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.
The creative shaping process of a technologist's mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists.For example,in designing a diesel engine,a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience,by physical requirements,by limitations of available space,and not least by a sense of form.Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter,may depend on scientific calculations,but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.
Design courses,then,should be an essential element in engineering curriculum.Nonverbal thinking of a central mechanism in engineering design,involves perceptions,the stock-in-trade of the artist,not the scientist.Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail "hard thinking" , nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive Process and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought.But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering,the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students,but rather students attending architectural schools.
If courses in design,which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving,are not provided.we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems.For example,early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system.absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations: they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.
What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A. Design course can help solve practical problems.
B. Design courses are necessary to open.
C. Design is strongly analytical.
D. People don't pay attention to Design courses.
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[单选题]What aspect of vocabulary is trained in the following?
The teacher asks the students to read the following passage to tell the writer's attitude towards the woman he is interviewing.
Tall, tanned and debonair, Hazel Henderson is an unlikely revolutionary. She greets me with a warm smile and orders a port of tea, unlike the well-heeled matrons staying at this comfortable hotel.
A. register
B. connotation
C. collocation
D. constitution
[单选题] As the train will not leave until one hour later, we ______ grab a bite at the snack bar.
A. may well
B. might as well
C. as well as
D. as well
[单选题]学校和教师按照确定的教育教学内容和课程设置开展教育教学活动,保证达到国家规定的基本质量和要求。国家鼓励学校和教师采用( )教育等教育教学方法,提高教育教学质量。
A. 填鸭式
B. 题海式
C. 启发式
D. 灌输式
[单选题] The British Medical Journal recently featured a strong response to what was judged an inappropriately lenient reaction by a medical school to a student cheating in an examination. Although we have insufficient reliable data about the extent of this phenomenon, its prevention, or its effective management, much can be concluded and acted upon on the basis of common sense and concepts with face validity.
There is general agreement that there should be zero tolerance of cheating in a profession based on trust and one on which human lives depend.It is reasonable to assume that cheaters in medical school will be more likely than others to continue to act dishonestly with patients, colleagues, insurers, and government.
The behaviours under question are multifactorial in origin.There are familial, religious, and cultural values that are acquired long before medical school.For example, countries, cultures, and subcultures exist where bribes and dishonest behaviour are almost a norm.There are secondary schools in which neither staff nor students tolerate cheating and others where cheating is rampant; there are homes which imbue young people with high standards of ethical behaviour and others which leave ethical training to the harmful influence of television and the market place.
Medical schools reflect society and cannot be expected to remedy all the ills of a society.The selection process of medical students might be expected to favour candidates with integrity and positive ethical behaviour-if one had a reliable method for detecting such characteristics in advance.Medical schools should be the major focus of attention for imbuing future doctors with integrity and ethical sensitivity.Unfortunately there are troubling, if inconclusive, data that suggest that during medical school the ethical behaviour of medical students does not necessarily improve; indeed, moral development may actually stop or even regress.
The creation of a pervasive institutional culture of integrity is essential.It is critical that the academic and clinical leaders of the institution set a personal example of' integrity.Medical schools must make their institutional position and their expectations of students absolutely clear from day one.The development of a school′s culture of integrity requires a partnership with the students in which they play an active role in its creation and nurturing.Moreover, the school′s examination system and general treatment of students must be perceived as fair.Finally, the treatment of infractions must be firm, fair, transparent, and consistent.
What does the author say about the cause(s) of cheating?
A. Family, culture and society play an active part.
B. Bad school environment is the leading cause of student cheating.
C. Parents are always to blame for their children′s cheating behaviour.
D. Cheating exists primarily because students learn bad things from TV.
[单选题]我国农历以干支纪年。公元1976年是农历丙辰年,据此推算,公元1977年应该是( )。
A. 农历丁巳年
B. 农历戊午年
C. 农历丙寅年
D. 农历辛亥年
[单选题]《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020)》规定中小学应大力开展"阳光体育"运动,保证学生每天的锻炼时间是( )。
A. 3小时
B. 2小时
C. 1小时
D. 0.5小时
[单选题]明知校舍或者教育教学设施有危险,而不采取措施,造成人员伤亡或者重大财产损失的,对直接责任人依法追究( )。
A. 行政责任
B. 民事责任
C. 刑事责任
D. 一般责任
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