2022教师资格证-高中英语模拟考试练习题163

1. [单选题]儿童在熟悉了"哈密瓜""西瓜""菠萝"等概念之后，再学习"水果"这一概念，按照奥苏伯尔的学习分类理论，这种学习属于( )。

A. 上位学习
B. 下位学习
C. 组合学习
D. 并列学习

2. [单选题]提出"认知发现说"学习理论^{(learning theory)}的心理学家是( )。

A. 桑代克
B. 斯金纳
C. 奥苏伯尔
D. 布鲁纳

3. [单选题]负强化是通过消除惩罚鼓励积极行为的过程。( )A.正确B.错误

A. B

4. [单选题]学习动机支配着学习者的学习行为。小刘为了得到老师或父母的奖励而努力学习^{(learn hard)}，则他的学习动机是( )。

A. 内部动机
B. 外部动机
C. 高尚动机
D. 近景的直接性动机

5. [单选题]心理辅导的基本目标是( )。

A. 开发潜能
B. 寻求发展
C. 个案辅导
D. 学会调适

6. [多选题]一位教师在课堂上．先直接讲解了虚拟语气的语法规则，然后呈现了几个例句： (1)I wish I had not failed the English examination. (2)I wish I had been there yesterday. (3)He wishes he had met her at the street corner. 接着让学生进行各种替换练习、句子练习等训练。 请问该教师使用了哪种语法教学方法？该方法有什么优缺点？与此相对应的方法是什么？有什么优点？

A. 该教师使用了演绎法。 (1)优点：讲解清楚，易于理解，比较适合成人学习者。 (2)缺点：在这种方式下，学生对教师的依赖性比较强，学到的语言知识也容易遗忘。它注重形式而非使用，学生处于被动学习的状态。 (3)与演绎法相对应的方法是归纳法。在归纳教学中，教师让学生首先接触含有语法规则的语境，然后根据上下文的信息归纳出语法规则。这种方法可以增加学生和语言的接触，有助于^{(helpful to)}激发学生的参与，使学生理解语法所适用的语境、所表达的含义以及所承载的功能，分析归纳总结语言使用规律，深化学生对用法的理解．有助于^{(helpful to)}学生分析能力和注意力的培养。

7. [单选题] Since ancient times, the destructive effects of earthquakes on humanlives and property have encouraged the search for reliable methods of earthquake prediction. This challenge remains and modern scientists continue to search for reliable methods to determine the time, place and intensity of individual quakes. One prediction technique involves an analysis of the recurrence rates of earthquakes as indicators of future activity. Earthquakes are concentrated in certain areas of the world which are subject to constant movements of earth's plates and it is in these areas that scientists focus their investigations. This search for pre-earthquake phenomena has received particular attention. In contrast to the ancient Greeks and Romans, who relied on the crying of dogs as a warning sign, modem scientists have focused on physical evidence for a coming earthquake. Evidence of plate strain can be found by measuring relative movements, while chemical changes also offer signals for scientists. Analysis of the changes in magnetic properties and conductivity of rocks provides further data for prediction. The electrical and magnetic properties of crustal rocks are particularly sensitive to strain. The conductivity of crustal rock is determined by the degree to which the rock is soaked with fluid and the electrolytic properties of those fluids. Before large earthquakes, small fractures develop in rocks, which change the quantity of fluid present. These changes can be measured and provide useful data. However, similar changes in the fluid, bearing capacity of rock can occur as a result of other factors such as changes in the water table, and therefore this technique is not entirely reliable. The ancient believe that the behavior of birds, cats and dogs provides evidence of inevitable earthquakes has recently been attended as a result of tests carried out in California. It has been shown that changes taking place in the metabolic rates of these animals correlate with subsequent seismic activity. It is assumed that the animals are sensitive to the seismic waves which precede major quakes. In zones where earthquakes are known to occur, improved construction techniques can significantly reduce the effects of seismic waves. If more accurate information regarding the time and intensity were available, govemments could take even more effective measures to reduce the impact on human life, if, however, an entirely accurate prediction technique became available, there would be significant social and political implications.

Recurrence rates of earthquakes can help predict future quakes because ________.

A. improvement in mathematics allows figures to be more accurate
B. this method has been used since ancient times and proved very effective
C. most scientists focus their investigations on the quakes of certain areas
D. continuous plate movements often result in earthquakes in certain areas

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