在听力训练时需要注意的事项有哪些？

【名词&注释】

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[多选题]在听力训练时需要注意的事项有哪些？

A. 注意事项： ①注意区分和模仿正确的语音语调 在听力训练中，有必要注意和模仿正确的语音、语调。英语里有不少读音相近，但意思却截然不同的词汇，比如cure(治愈)和kill(杀死)，nearly(将近)和yearly(年度的)等。因此，从一开始就要注意区分和模仿正确的语音、语调。 ②创造一定的听、说环境 没有一个外语环境或一定的听、说条件，是很难收到好的训练效果的。当然，现代科学为人们提供了MP3、MP4或传统的录音机等工具，学生可以把课文对话录制下来反复听和模仿，还可以把自己的口头作文和复述录下来，仔细审听，发现问题，及时纠正。但在自然条件下，就要在班级、学校或其他训练场所开辟“英语角”等特殊的语言环境，进行专业练习，以便获得长足发展。 ③克服紧张、焦虑、急躁的情绪，不怕听错、说错、不断苦练。在听力复述练习中，学生有时害怕听错或说错，往往不敢大胆张口练习。然而，语言是一种习惯，没有反复的操练和实践就难以产生熟练的技巧。会话重在达意，只要达到交流思想的目的，听、说实践就应该是基本成功的。注意总结经验，及时改正。教师要少指责、多鼓励，及时表扬，耐心纠错。这样才能消除学生紧张、焦虑、急躁、恐惧的心理，使学生自信地学习英语，收到好的练习效果。

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学习资料：

[单选题]在问题教学的解决问题阶段，教师应该帮助学生激起以下一系列的心理活动( )。

A. 激发学生的兴趣，能回忆起有关的知识和规则，激活并运用以前学会的认知策略、把回忆起来的规则靠认知策略重新组织
B. 对有关的知识保持相当的注意、激活并运用以前学会的认知策略、把回忆起来的规则靠认知策略重新组织
C. 能回忆起有关的知识和规则，激活并运用以前学会的认知策略、把回忆起来的规则靠认知策略重新组织
D. 回忆有关的知识和规则、激活认知策略、提出必要的假设

[单选题]以下《中华人民共和国义务教育法》中对特殊教育的描述错误的是( )。

A. 特殊教育学校的根本目的是帮助残疾适龄儿童、少年提供特殊场所，助其康复
B. 县级以上地方人民政府根据需要设置相应的实施特殊教育的学校（班）
C. 特殊教育学校（班）应当具备适应残疾儿童、少年学习、康复、生活特点的场所和设施。
D. 特殊教育的主要精神是考虑到每个孩子个体内在及个体之间的个别差异

[单选题]在知识的学习过程中，掌握同类事物的关键特征和本质特征属于( )。

A. 概念学习
B. 意义学习
C. 命题学习
D. 符号学习

[单选题] A decade ago, the idea that the planet was warming up as a result of human activity was largely theoretical. We knew that since the Industrial Revolution began in the 18th century, factories and power plants and automobiles and farms have been loading the atmosphere with heat-trapping gases, including carbon dioxide and methane (甲烷). But evidence that the climate was actually getting hotter was still murky. Not anymore. As an.authoritative report issued a few weeks ago by the United Nations-sponsored Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change makes plain, the trend toward a warmer world has unquestionably begun. Worldwide temperatures have climbed more than 0.5℃ over the past century, and the 1990s were the hottest decade on record. After analyzing data going back at least two decades on everything from air and ocean temperatures to the spread and retreat of wildlife, the IPCC asserts that this slow but steady warming has had an impact on no fewer than 420 physical processes and animals and plant species in all countries. Glaciers, including the legendary snows of Kilimanjaro, are disappearing from mountaintops around the globe. Coral reefs are dying off as the seas get too warm for comfort. Drought is the norm in parts of Asian and Africa. El Nino (厄尔尼诺) events, which trigger devastating weather in the eastern Pacific, are more frequent. The Arctic permafrost (永久冻土带) is starting to melt. Lakes and rivers in colder climates are freezing later and thawing earlier each year. Plants and animals are shifting their ranges pole-ward and to higher altitudes, and migration patterns for animals as diverse as polar bears, butterflies and beluga whales are being disrupted.

The problem of global warming ________.

A. has been predicted since the Industrial Revolution began
B. was noticed 10 years ago as a realistic threat
C. has nothing to do with human activity
D. was theoretical 10 years ago but is not now

[单选题]德拉克罗瓦的代表作品《自由引导人民》，创作这幅画的历史背景是( )。

A. 美国独立战争
B. 俄国十月革命
C. 第一次世界大战
D. 法国大革命

[单选题]Passage 2 Taylor Swift, the seven-time Grammy winner, is known for her articulate lyrics, so there was nothing surprising about her writing a long column for The Wall Street Journal about the future of the music industry. Yet there's reason to doubt the optimism of what she had to say. "This moment in music is so exciting because the creative avenues an artist can explore are limitless:' Swift wrote. "In this moment in music, stepping out of your comfort zone is rewarded, and sonic evolution is not only accepted...it is celebrated. The only real risk is being too afraid to take a risk at all." That's hard to reconcile with Nielsen's mid-year U.S. music report, which showed a 15 percent year-on-year drop in album sales and a 13 percent decline in digital track sales. This could be the 2013 story all over again, in which streaming services cannibalize their growth from digital downloads, whose numbers dropped for the first time ever last year, except that even including streams, album sales are down 3.3 percent so far in 2014. Streaming has grown even more than it did last year, 42 percent compared to 32 percent, but has failed to make up for a general loss of interest in music.Consider this.in 2014 to date, Americans purchased 593.6 million digital tracks and heard 70.3 million video and audio streams for a sum total of 663.9 million. In the comparable period of 2013, the total came to 731.7 million.Swift, one of the few artists able to pull off stadium tours, believes it's all about quality. "People are still buying albums, but now they're buying just a few of them:' she wrote. "They are buying only the ones that hit them like an arrow through the heart." In 2000, album sales peaked at 785 million. Last year, they were down t0 415.3 million. Swift is right, but for many of the artists whose albums pierce hearts like arrows, it's too late. Sales of vinyl albums have increased 40.4 percent so far this year, according to Nielsen, and the top-selling one was guitar hero Jack White's Lazaretto. The top 10 also includes records by the aging or dead, such as the Beatles and Bob Marley & the Wailers. More modern entries are not exactly teen sensations, either. the Black Keys, Beck and the Arctic Monkeys. None of these artists is present on the digital sales charts, including or excluding streams. The top-selling album so far this year, by a huge margin, is the saccharine soundtrack to the Disney animated hit, Frozen. When, like me, you're over 40 and you believe the music industry has been in decline since in 1993 (the year Nirvana released In Utero), it's easy to criticize the music taste of "the kids these days:' a term even the 23-year old Swift uses. My fellow dinosaurs will understand if they compare 1993's top albums to Nielsen's 2014 list. But these kids don't just like to listen to different music than we do, they no longer find much worth hearing.The way the music industry works now may have something to do with that. In the old days, musicians showed their work to industry executives, the way most book authors still do to publishers (although that tradition, too, is eroding). The executives made mistakes and were credited with brilliant finds. Sometimes they followed the public taste, and sometimes they strove to shape it, taking big financial and career risks in the process. These days, according to Swift, it's all about the social networks. "A friend of mine, who is an actress, told me that when the casting for her recent movie came down to two actresses, the casting director chose the actress with more Twitter followers:' Swift wrote. "In the future, artists will get record deals because they have fans - not the other way around." The social networks are fickle and self-consciously sarcastic (see the recent potato salad phenomenon). They are not about arrow-through-the-heart sincerity. That's why YouTube made Psy a star, but it couldn't have been the medium for Beatlemania. Justin Timberlake has 32.9 million Twitter followers, but he's no Jack White. In the music industry's heyday, it produced a lot of schlock. But it got great music out to the masses, too. These days, it expects artists to do their own promotion and for those who less good at that than at making music, it may mean not getting heard. For fans it means less good music to stream and download. Well, there's always the warm and fuzzy world of vinyl nostalgia, I guess.

What does the underlined word"that"in PARAGRAPH EIGHT refer to?

A. Kid' s music taste
B. 1993s top album
C. Nielsen' s 2014 list
D. The music industry

[单选题]创立元素周期表的科学家是( )。

A. 门捷列夫
B. 波义耳
C. 居里夫人
D. 波尔

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