2022考研模拟练习题298

1. [单选题]毛泽东把经过长期武装斗争，先占乡村，后取城市．最后夺取全国胜利，作为革命道路确立下来的文章是

A. 《中国的红色政权为什么能够存在?》
B. 《井冈山的斗争》
C. 《星星之火，可以燎原》
D. 《战争和战略问题》

2. [单选题]针对蒋介石“内战、独裁、分裂”的阴谋，中国共产党明确提出了“和平、民主、团结，，三大口号，以代替过去提出的“抗战、团结、进步”三大口号。这一．口号来源于

A. 1945年《抗日战争胜利后的时局和我们的方针》
B. 1945年《对目前时局的宣言》
C. 1946年《中共关于目前时局及对策的指示》
D. “双十协定”

3. [多选题]作家史铁生在《奶奶的星星》中讲道，奶奶告诉他的故事与通常的说法不同：一般人说，地上死一个人，天上就熄灭了一颗星星；而奶奶说，地上死一个人，天上又多了一个星星，人死了就会升到天空，变成星星给走夜道的人照个亮了。于是他“慢慢相信，每一个活过的人，都能给后人的路途上添些光亮，也许是一颗巨星，也许是一把火炬，也许只是一支含泪的烛光……”这对我们理解个人在社会历史的作用的启示有

A. 历史是无数个人相互作用的合力的结果
B. 杰出个人决定历史发展的走向
C. 人人都是历史的创造者
D. 每个人对社会发展都有或大或小的作用

4. [多选题]应中国总理李克强的邀请，俄罗斯总理梅德韦杰夫、印度总理辛格和蒙古国总理阿勒坦呼亚格于2013年10月22日开始分别对中国进行正式访问。来自中国三个陆上邻国的领导人，在同一天开启中国之行，这样密集的双边访问在中国外交史上实属罕见。这一外交动向

A. 体现了中国经济发展的吸引力
B. 深化了中国与俄印蒙三国间的盟友关系
C. 反映了中国周边外交行动的延续和加速
D. 顺应了互利共赢的时代潮流

5. [多选题]群众观点是无产阶级政党的根本观点。其基本内容是：一切为了群众一切依靠群众。从群众中来^{(from the masses)}，到群众中去。群众路线是无产阶级政党的根本路线。也是党的根本领导方法和工作方法。其哲学依据有

A. 唯物论关于世界统一于物质的原理
B. 辩证法关于对立统一的规律
C. 认识论关于实践——认识——实践的原理
D. 唯物史观关于人民群众是历史创造者的原理

6. [多选题]展望未来社会，是否坚持科学的立场、观点和方法是马克思主义与空想杜会主义的根本区别，在于

A. 在揭示人类社会发展一般规律的基础上指明社会发展的方向
B. 在剖析资本主义社会旧世界中阐发未来新世界的特点
C. 立足于揭示未来社会的一般特征，而不作详尽的细节描绘
D. 揭示了社会主义的具体实现途径和方式

7. [单选题]What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?

A. A desire to secure a better life for all.
B. An eagerness to protect the unemployed.
C. An urge to be generous to the claimants.
D. A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.

8. [单选题]What can be learned from the last paragraph?

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial .Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

A. Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
B. Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.
C. Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
D. The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.

9. [单选题]根据以下资料，回答{TSE}题。In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.{TS}Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

A. poor bargaining skill.
B. insensitivity to fashion.
C. obsession with high fashion.
D. lack of imagination.

10. [单选题]What is the subject of the text?

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit.Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her

A. Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
B. Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
C. Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
D. Exposure of a mass-market secret.

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