2022考研历年考试试题试卷(0W)

1. [单选题]在当代中国。坚持发展是硬道理的本质要求是坚持科学发展．科学发展观是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针。是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持^{(must stick to)}和贯彻的重大战略思想，是党必须长期坚持的指导思想。提出科学发展观的现实基础是

A. 当代世界^{(contemporary world)}的发展实践和发展理念
B. 我国社会主义初级阶段的基本国情
C. 新世纪新阶段的阶段性特征
D. 社会主义建设正反两方面的历史经验

2. [多选题]展望未来社会，是否坚持科学的立场、观点和方法是马克思主义与空想杜会主义的根本区别，在于

A. 在揭示人类社会发展一般规律的基础上指明社会发展的方向
B. 在剖析资本主义社会旧世界中阐发未来新世界的特点
C. 立足于揭示未来社会的一般特征，而不作详尽的细节描绘
D. 揭示了社会主义的具体实现途径和方式

3. [单选题]The White House claims that its power of enforcement

根据以下资料，回答下面的题目。On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v.United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial .Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they

A. outweighs that held by the states.
B. is dependent on the states’ support.
C. is established by federal statutes.
D. rarely goes against state laws.

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