行为改变都是学习的结果。

【名词&注释】

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[多选题]行为改变都是学习的结果。

A. 这种说法是错误的。学习是个体在特定的情境下，由于练习或反复经验而产生的行为或行为潜能的比较持久的改变。首先，学习的行为变化是由经验引起的，所说的“经验”是个体在后天活动中获得的，那些由遗传、成熟或机体损伤等导致的行为变化，比如吞咽、身体发育、残疾行为等，不能称为学习。其次，学习的行为变化是比较持久的，适应、疲劳、药物等亦能引起行为变化，如运动员服用兴奋剂，成绩暂时提高，但这样的行为变化是比较短暂的，不能称为学习。因此，行为的改变不一定都是学习的结果，只有经验引起的行为持久的变化才是学习的结果。故题干的说法是错误的。

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学习资料：

[单选题]只有教育者自觉地、有意识地、想方设法地以其自身活动来引导和促进受教育者的身心按照一定的方向和水平发展，才能保障( )的有效进行。

A. 社会活动
B. 教育活动
C. 生产活动
D. 集体活动

[多选题]根据题目要求完成下列任务，用英文作答。 设计任务：请阅读下面学生信息和语言素材，设计一节英语语法课的教学方案。教案没有固定格式，但须包含下列要点： ●teaching objectives ●teaching contents ●key and difficult points ●major steps and time allocation ●activities and justifications 教学时间：45分钟 学生概况：某城镇普通中学高中一年级学生，班级人数40人，多数学生已经达到《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》五级水平，学生课堂参与积极性一般。 语言素材： Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey is not just a very successful TV personality in the US, she is also a woman who has inspired millions. In her television shows she makes it possible to talk about great moments and difficulties in people's lives. She has helped thousands of men and women come to terms with things that bother them and that they could not talk about with others. Oprah's programme about literature, in which she reviews books, is very popular. When she praises a book, it will become a best-seller. Her life and her success are a good example for many women. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. She was born on January 29,1954 in a small village in America. Her parents were very poor. For her family, life seemed to hold no promise. Being black and a woman made life even more difficult in America at that time. But there was nothing that could stop Oprah. She was an extremely bright girl at school. She asked her kindergarten teacher to let her go to school sooner and she also skipped the second grade of primary school. Her life from the age of six till about fourteen was very hard. It was a time in which many sad things happened to her. For many women such hardship would be too heavy to bear. But not for Oprah. When she was fourteen, Oprah went to live with her father. Her father showed her how hard work and discipline could lead to self-improvement. Oprah listened to her father, and a few years later she won a college scholarship that allowed her to go to university. In 1971, she began working part-time on a radio programme. Two years later, after graduation, she started working for television. For more than ten years she worked for different TV stations across the country. In 1984, she moved to Chicago, where she became the host of a talk show called "AM Chicago". When Oprah started,"AM Chicago" had few listeners. By September of the next year, the show was so successful that it was given a new name:"The Oprah Winfrey Show". Oprah's programme has so far been shown on TV for almost 20 years nonstop. Her show is one of the most popular television programmes in history. She has won many prizes for her work in television and film. Oprah Winfrey's wonderful career inspires many people to believe that success and happiness in life are within reach for everyone. Her life shows us that hard work and discipline are the road to self-improvement, and success lies somewhere along that road.

A. Teaching Contents: This lesson is about the famous female Oprah Winfrey. Teaching Objectives (1) Knowledge objective Students can acquire more about the subject-verb agreement. (2) Ability objective Students can improve their linguistic competence. (3) Emotional objective Students can know what is needed to be a successful man or woman. Teaching Key and Difficult Points: The learning of subject-verb agreement. Teaching Aids: A computer and the blackboard Teaching Procedures: Step l Leading-in (5 minutes) Teacher shows some pictures of three great women on the screen, Song Qingling, Madame Curie, and Helen Thayer and asks students to talk about who they are. T: Today we are going to reading a text about another great woman named Oprah Winfrey. She is not only a very successful TV personality in the US but also a woman who has inspired millions of people. (Justification: Arouse students' curiosity to know more about Oprah Winfrey and get students involved in talking about her.) Step 2 Word Study (10 minutes) Two students from each group stand face to face. Some words are shown on the screen. One of them explains them one by one , the other tries to say the word by guessing its meaning. The one who guesses the most correctly in the given time will win.(dishonest, challenge, generous, value, slope, mean, cheerful) (Justification: Help students master the new words and have a better understanding of the passage.) Step 3 Grammar Study (25 minutes) 1. Learn the rules Generally, singular nouns are used with singular verb. Plural nouns are used with plural verbs. Collective nouns can have a singular or plural verb. If the noun refers to the unit as a whole, the verb is singular. If it refers to the individual members of a unit, the unit is plural. 2. Individual work Teacher asks students to do the following questions. (1) You, he and I ________ students. Both beer and coffee ________ on sale in the shop. No boy and no girl ________ it. (2) Either the teacher or the students ________ to blame. The boy with his dog ________ here. Neither of these words ________ corrective. (3) A lot of students ________ waiting outsides. More than 30 percents of surface ________ coveied by water. (4) Clothes ________ people warm. Many a way ________ been tired. Answers:(1)are, are, likes (2)are, is, is (3)are, is (4)keep, has (Justification: Help students master the usage of subject-verb agreement.) Step 4 Summary and Homework (5 minutes) Summary: In this class, we have learned "the subject-verb agreement". It's very important in the grammar system. We should do more exercises to improve the accuracy of doing this kind of questions. Homework: Do the exercises in the workbook; read the text all over again and try to retell it. (Justification: Summary and homework is of importance for students to master the knowledge they have learned in class.)

[单选题]菲茨和波斯纳把动作技能形成分为认知阶段、联系阶段和( )三个阶段。

A. 有声的外部言语阶段
B. 无意识阶段
C. 活动的定向阶段
D. 自动化阶段

[单选题]教师有效管理课堂的前提条件是( )。

A. 课堂组织
B. 自我反思
C. 语言表达
D. 了解和研究学生

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